Buku Lathunthu la SPD la Machitidwe a PV ndi Chitetezo cha Kuthamanga kwa Dzuwa

Nthawi zambiri ndimamva kupsinjika maganizo ndikawona mapulojekiti a dzuwa akuwonongeka ndi kukwera kwadzidzidzi, kotero ndimadalira Chipangizo Choteteza Kuwonjezeka kuti dongosolo lililonse likhale lokhazikika.

A Chipangizo Choteteza Kuwonjezeka Imateteza makina a PV mwa kusuntha ma spikes oopsa amagetsi kuchoka pa mapanelo, ma inverter, ndi ma circuits amagetsi. Imachepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito, imaletsa kulephera kwa zida, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chitetezo cha nthawi yayitali cha mbali zonse ziwiri za AC ndi DC pakuyika kwa dzuwa.

Mu bukhuli, ndikukutsogolerani mbali zonse za chitetezo cha dzuwa kuti muthe kupanga zisankho zaukadaulo molimba mtima pa projekiti iliyonse ya PV.

Kodi SPD ndi Chiyani Ndipo Chifukwa Chiyani Ma Solar PV Systems Amafunikira?

Ndinkaona makina a PV akulephera chifukwa cha kupitirira mphamvu kwa magetsi kosayembekezereka, kotero tsopano sindipanga pulojekiti popanda chilolezo. Chipangizo Choteteza Kuwonjezeka pamalo pake.

SPD ya dzuwa imateteza makina a PV mwa kuyamwa kapena kutembenuza mafunde a mphezi, kusintha ma transient, ndi kusokonezeka kwa magetsi asanafike kuzinthu zofunikira. Imathandiza kupewa kuwonongeka kwa inverter, kuchepetsa ndalama zokonzera, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti makinawo akugwira ntchito bwino nthawi yake.

Kukhazikitsa ma solar PV kumagwira ntchito panja, kotero kumakumana ndi zoopsa zamagetsi nthawi zonse kuchokera ku mphezi, zolakwika za gridi, ndi zochitika zosinthira. Chifukwa mapanelo ndi ma inverter amachokera ku semiconductor, amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi overvoltage yaying'ono. Mu ntchito yanga ndi mafakitale osiyanasiyana ndi makampani a EPC, ndawona kuti kulephera koyambirira nthawi zambiri kumachokera ku surge m'malo mwa kuwonongeka kwanthawi zonse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndimaona chitetezo cha surge ngati chofunikira chachikulu pakupanga, osati chowonjezera chomwe mungasankhe.

Tanthauzo la SPD mu Machitidwe Amagetsi ndi Dzuwa

SPD ndi chipangizo chomwe chimatumiza mphamvu yamagetsi yocheperako ku dongosolo loyambira. Mu makina a PV, chimateteza zingwe za DC, ma inverter, mabokosi ophatikiza, kugawa kwa AC, ndi mizere yolumikizirana.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kuwonjezeka kwa Ma PV mu Kukhazikitsa

Makina a PV akukumana ndi mavuto chifukwa cha:
• mphezi (mwachindunji kapena yoyambitsidwa)
• ntchito zosinthira
• Kusokonezeka kwa gridi yamagetsi
• Kuthamanga kwa chingwe kwa nthawi yayitali komwe kumawonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi zosakhalitsa

Chifukwa Chake Chitetezo cha Kuthamanga N'chofunika Kwambiri pa Ma Solar Panels ndi Inverters

Ma panel ndi ma inverter amawonongeka mosavuta ndi ma spikes osakhalitsa. Ndikapita ku mafakitale, ma inverter ambiri owonongeka amawonetsa zizindikiro zomveka bwino za surge pa siteji yolowera. Ma SPD oyenera amachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezochi.

Momwe Ukadaulo wa MOV Umagwirira Ntchito Mkati mwa Zipangizo Zoteteza Kuthamanga

Ndikukumbukira nthawi yoyamba yomwe ndinatsegula SPD yolephera; MOV block inafotokoza nkhani yonse ya momwe dongosololi linakumana ndi kukwera kwakukulu.

Ukadaulo wa MOV umalola Chipangizo Choteteza Kuwonjezeka Kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yokwera posintha kuchoka pa mphamvu yamagetsi yokwera kupita ku mphamvu yamagetsi yotsika mkati mwa masekondi ang'onoang'ono. Imayamwa mphamvu yochulukirapo ndikuyitumiza pansi mosamala zida zisanawonongeke.

MOV ndiye maziko a mapangidwe ambiri a SPD m'mafakitale. Nthawi zambiri ndimafotokozera magulu ogula kuti khalidwe la MOV limatsimikizira kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali. MOV yofooka imatanthauza kuwonongeka koyambirira komanso kuchuluka kwa chitetezo chosayembekezereka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mafakitale omwe amafunikira odalirika chitetezo cha mafunde amagetsi m'mafakitale Yesani nthawi zonse khalidwe la MOV pansi pa nthawi yobwerezabwereza ya kupsinjika musanavomereze wogulitsa.

Kodi MOV ndi chiyani ndipo imagwira ntchito bwanji?

MOV (Metal Oxide Varistor) imagwira ntchito ngati choletsa mphamvu chomwe chimadalira magetsi. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikakhala yabwinobwino, imatseka mphamvu yamagetsi. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikakwera pamwamba pa malire ake, nthawi yomweyo imayendetsa mphamvu yamagetsi kupita pansi.

Khalidwe la MOV Panthawi ya Voltage Spikes

Pakakwera kwambiri, kukana kwa MOV kumatsika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yotetezeka ya mafunde amphamvu. Pambuyo pomangirira, imabwereranso ku kukana kwakukulu.

Njira Zolephera za MOV ndi Zoganizira za Chitetezo

Njira zodziwika bwino zolephera kwa MOV zimaphatikizapo kutentha kwambiri, kutopa, komanso kuzizira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zonse ndimalimbikitsa ma module oletsa kutentha a PV SPDs.

Mitundu ya Zipangizo Zoteteza Kuthamanga Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito mu Dzuwa

Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri ndikuchita kafukufuku wa mafakitale ndi mapulojekiti a dzuwa, ndinaphunzira kuti kusankha mtundu woyenera wa SPD kumatsimikizira ngati makina a PV amapulumuka nyengo ya mphezi.

Mtundu 1, Mtundu Wachiwiri, ndipo ma SPD amtundu wa 3 amapereka chitetezo chosiyana ku mphezi ndi kugwedezeka kwa magetsi. Mtundu woyamba umasamalira mphezi mwachindunji, Mtundu wa 2 umasamalira kupitirira mphamvu yamagetsi, ndipo Mtundu wa 3 umateteza zipangizo zomaliza ndi zamagetsi zomwe zimakhudzidwa.

Magulu ambiri ogula zinthu amayang'ana kwambiri kusiyana kwa mitengo pakati pa mitundu ya SPD, koma nthawi zonse ndimafotokoza kuti mtundu uliwonse umagwira ntchito yosiyana. Dongosololi limagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri likalumikizidwa ngati unyolo woteteza wonse. Makampani a solar EPC omwe amadutsa mtundu umodzi nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi kulephera mobwerezabwereza kwa inverter panthawi yamkuntho. Pansipa pali kufananiza mwachangu:

Gome 1 - Mitundu ya SPD ndi Ntchito Zawo

Mtundu 1 SPD wa Chitetezo cha Mphezi

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polowera ntchito kuti atulutse mafunde akuluakulu a mphezi.

Mtundu wa 2 SPD wa Chitetezo cha Overvoltage

Yayikidwa pafupi ndi ma inverter kuti ateteze ku kusintha ndi kukwera kwa magetsi.

Mtundu wa 3 SPD wa Chitetezo cha Chipangizo Chakumapeto

Imagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa ma circuits owongolera omwe ali ndi ukadaulo wosavuta.

Kusankha SPD Yoyenera pa Mapulogalamu a PV

Nthawi zonse ndimayerekeza mtundu wa SPD ndi mulingo wa mphezi, mphamvu yoyika, mphamvu ya zida, komanso momwe zimakhalira pansi.

Buku Lotsogolera la Kukhazikitsa kwa SPD la Ma PV Panels ndi Inverters

Ndaona mapulojekiti ambiri akulephera chifukwa chakuti SPD idayikidwa pamalo olakwika, ngakhale chipangizocho chinali chapamwamba kwambiri.

Ma SPD ayenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi zida zotetezedwa, ndi zingwe zazifupi, polarity yolondola, nthaka yoyenera, ndi mtundu woyenera wa SPD mbali zonse ziwiri za AC ndi DC za makina a PV.

Kukhazikitsa koyenera n'kofunika kwambiri kuposa mtundu wa chipangizocho. Ngakhale SPD yabwino kwambiri yamakampani imakhala yosagwira ntchito ngati chingwecho chikugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri ndimawonetsa akatswiri momwe chingwe chowonjezera cha masentimita 20 chingawirikize kawiri mphamvu yotsalira, yomwe ingawononge bolodi lolowera la inverter.

Kumene Mungayikitse SPD mu PV System

Ma SPD ayenera kuyikidwa pa Mabokosi ophatikiza a DC, zolowetsa za DC za inverter, zotulutsa za AC za inverter, ndi kugawa kwakukulu kwa AC.

Masitepe Okhazikitsa DC Side SPD

• Lumikizani ku cholowera chilichonse cha chingwe
• onetsetsani kuti polarity ikugwirizana
• Sungani kutalika kwa chingwe pansi pa 0.5 m

Masitepe Okhazikitsa Mbali ya AC SPD

• Ikani pafupi ndi malo otulutsira ma inverter
• kulumikiza ku PE ground
• Tsatirani malamulo a mawaya a makina a TN/TT

Zolakwika Zodziwika Kwambiri Zoyenera Kupewa

Zolakwika zazikulu kwambiri ndi monga ma lead aatali, kusowa kwa grounding, mtundu wolakwika wa SPD, ndi voltage rating yolakwika.

Zofunikira pa Chitetezo cha DC ndi AC pa Ma Solar Systems

Nthawi zambiri ndimafufuza malo a PV pomwe SPD rating siyikugwirizana ndi voltage yotseguka ya array, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chiopsezo chobisika pa dongosolo lonse.

Ma PV SPD ayenera kufanana ndi DC voltage rating, AC grid rating, grounding system, coordination rules, ndi installation group kuti atsimikizire chitetezo chokhazikika pa PV system yonse.

Pansipa pali tebulo loyerekeza mavoti lomwe magulu ambiri ogula amaona kuti ndi lothandiza:

Gome 2 - Zofunikira pa Kuyika kwa PV pa SPD

Ma Voltage ndi Current Ratings a PV SPD

Nthawi zonse gwirizanitsani Ucpv ya SPD ndi Voc yapamwamba kwambiri ya array pansi pa kutentha kozizira.

Zofunikira pa Kuyika ndi Kuyika Pansi

Kukhazikika bwino kumachepetsa mphamvu ya mafunde amphamvu kwambiri. Nthawi zonse ndimayesa kukana kukhazikika kwa nthaka ndisanayambe kukhazikitsa SPD.

Kugwirizana kwa SPD Pakati pa Mbali za AC ndi DC

Gwiritsani ntchito Mtundu 1 pa AC panel yayikulu ndi Mtundu 2 pafupi ndi inverter kuti mugwirizanitse bwino magetsi.

SPD vs Surge Arrester: Kusiyana Kofunika Kwambiri pa Chitetezo cha PV

Ogula ambiri amandifunsa ngati ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito SPD kapena surge arrester, ndipo yankho langa nthawi zonse ndilakuti: amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Choletsa kugwedezeka kwa magetsi chimagwira ntchito ndi zochitika zazikulu za mphezi zakunja, pomwe SPD imateteza zida ku mphamvu yamagetsi yakunja ndi yamkati. Makina ambiri a PV amapindula pogwiritsa ntchito zonse ziwiri.

Gome 3 - SPD vs Surge Arrester

Momwe Surge Arresters Imagwirira Ntchito vs SPDs

Zipangizo zoletsa kugwedezeka kwa mpweya zimatulutsa mphamvu yayikulu ya mphezi koma zimayankha pang'onopang'ono kuposa ma SPD.

Ndi iti yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri poteteza mphezi ya PV

Ma SPD amateteza bwino zamagetsi okhudzidwa, pomwe zomangira zimateteza kapangidwe ka nyumbayo.

Nthawi Yogwiritsira Ntchito Zonse Ziwiri Poyika Ma Solar

Nthawi zonse ndimagwiritsa ntchito zonse ziwiri pa ntchito zazikulu kapena zoopsa kwambiri za PV.

Mapeto

Gwiritsani ntchito chida chapamwamba kwambiri Chipangizo Choteteza Kuwonjezeka kuti makina onse a PV a dzuwa akhale otetezeka, okhazikika, komanso okonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri Ponena za Chitetezo cha SPD, MOV, ndi Mphezi pa Dzuwa

Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito ma SPD awiri mu mndandanda?

Inde, bola ngati malamulo ogwirizanitsa zinthu akutsatiridwa.

Kodi Ma Solar Panels Amafunika AC kapena DC SPD?

Mbali zonse ziwiri za AC ndi DC zimafunika chitetezo.

Kodi SPD Imatenga Nthawi Yaitali Bwanji?

Kawirikawiri zaka 5-10 kutengera momwe zimakhalira ndi kukwera kwa phiri.

Kodi chimachitika n'chiyani ngati SPD yalephera?

Imalekanitsidwa mkati kuti ipewe ngozi ya moto.