Buku Lonse Lothandizira Kuteteza Kuthamanga kwa Madzi Kuti Muteteze Kudzuwa ndi Mphezi

Ndaona kuwonongeka kwa mphezi kutseka mafakitale ndi mafakitale a dzuwa usiku wonse, kotero nthawi zonse ndimachitira chithandizo chamankhwala. Chipangizo Choteteza Kuwonjezeka ndi njira yochepetsera kukwera kwa liwiro ngati yosatheka kukambirana.

Buku lotsogolera lathunthu la zida zomangira ma surge limafotokoza momwe zipangizozi zimasinthira mphezi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yosakhalitsa kupita pansi, kuteteza makina a dzuwa, maukonde amagetsi, ndi zida zofunika kwambiri pamene akuchepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito komanso ndalama zokonzera.

Ngati musamalira zoopsa, mtengo, ndi nthawi yoperekera katundu, kumvetsetsa zinthu zoletsa kukwera kwa magetsi kudzakuthandizani kupanga machitidwe omwe angapulumuke kupsinjika kwa magetsi kwenikweni.

Kodi Surge Arrester ndi Chiyani Ndipo Imagwira Ntchito Bwanji?

Nthawi zambiri ndimayamba ndemanga za dongosolo mwa kufotokoza zomwe chida choletsa kuthamanga kwa magazi chimachita.

Choletsa kugwedezeka kwa magetsi ndi chipangizo choteteza chomwe chimachepetsa kugwedezeka kwa magetsi mwa kusuntha mphamvu ya kugwedezeka kwa magetsi mosamala pansi, kuteteza kulephera kwa kutenthetsa magetsi ndi kuwonongeka kwa zida.

Ndimaona mainjiniya ambiri akusokoneza zoletsa kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndi zoteteza kuthamanga kwa mpweya. M'malo mwake, choletsa kuthamanga kwa mpweya chimapangidwa kuti chigwire ntchito yolimbana ndi mphamvu zambiri, makamaka zochitika zokhudzana ndi mphezi. Pamene kuthamanga kwa mpweya kufika, choletsa kuthamanga kwa mpweya chimasintha kuchoka pa kuletsa kwakukulu kupita ku kuletsa kochepa mu ma microseconds. Izi zimamangirira mphamvu yamagetsi kufika pamlingo wotetezeka ndikutumiza mphamvu yochulukirapo padziko lapansi.

Mu makina amagetsi otsika mphamvu, zotchingira ma surge zimateteza ma switchboard, ma transformer, ndi zamagetsi zomwe zimakhudzidwa. Mu kukhazikitsa kwa dzuwa, zimateteza ma PV arrays, mabokosi ophatikiza, ndi ma inverter. Ndawona chitetezo cha ma surge m'mafakitale chikulephera chifukwa chakuti mtundu wolakwika wa chipangizocho unasankhidwa.

Kuchokera pa zomwe ndakumana nazo, kusiyana kwakukulu ndi kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Chipangizo Choteteza Kuwonjezeka Chogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choletsa kugwedezeka kwa madzi chiyenera kufananizidwa ndi momwe makina amaonekera, mtundu wa nthaka, ndi malo oyika. Chikachitika bwino, chimayamwa mwakachetechete zochitika zobwerezabwereza popanda kusokoneza ntchito.

Mitundu ya Zoletsa Kuthamanga Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito mu Mphamvu ndi Machitidwe a Dzuwa

Nthawi zonse ndimasankha zoletsa kugwedezeka kwa magazi kutengera kuchuluka kwa kugwedezeka kwa magazi.

Zoletsa kuthamanga kwa mtundu 1 zimateteza ku mafunde a mphezi mwachindunji, pomwe Mitundu 2 ya omangira opaleshoni chitetezeni ku kukwera kwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa komanso kusintha kwa makina ogawa.

Zoletsa kugwedezeka kwa mtundu woyamba zimayikidwa pakhomo lolowera komwe mafunde a mphezi angalowe mwachindunji. Zimapezeka kwambiri m'malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu komanso malo olumikizirana ndi magetsi. Zoletsa kugwedezeka kwa mtundu wachiwiri zimayikidwa pansi pa mtsinje ndipo ndi njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma SPD a dzuwa ndi mafakitale.

Umu ndi momwe ndimafotokozera kusiyana kwa magulu ogula zinthu:

Pa mapulojekiti ambiri a dzuwa ndi amalonda, Mtundu wachiwiri kapena zipangizo zophatikizika zimapereka chitetezo chabwino kwambiri komanso mtengo wabwino. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri ngati mgwirizano wa nthawi yayitali ndi khalidwe lodziwikiratu ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Zomangira za DC za Dzuwa ndi PV Systems

Ndimaganizira kwambiri zoopsa za DC surge mu mapulojekiti a dzuwa.

Zoletsa kuthamanga kwa DC Tetezani ma PV circuits ku ma surges oyambitsidwa ndi mphezi ndi kusinthasintha kwa magetsi, kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa inverter ndi module.

Ma circuit a DC ndi aatali, owonekera, ndipo nthawi zambiri amayendetsedwa panja. Zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti akhale pachiwopsezo ngakhale popanda kugunda mwachindunji. Nthawi zonse ndimalimbikitsa ma DC surge arresters pamabokosi ophatikiza a PV ndi ma inverter DC inputs.

Ma voltage osiyanasiyana amafunika mapangidwe osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, choletsa ma surge 24VDC chimagwira ntchito bwino pa ma control circuits, pomwe ma high-voltage PV arrays amafunika zida zovotera 600V, 1000V, kapena 1500V. Choletsa ma DC lightning chiyenera kufanana ndi ma open-circuit voltage apamwamba kwambiri, osati ma nominella okha.

Mu mapulojekiti anga, kusankha bwino DC surge arrester kumachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zolakwika za inverter. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito SPD yamafakitale komwe nthawi yogwira ntchito imakhudza mwachangu nthawi yopangira.

Zoletsa Kuthamanga kwa Dzuwa za Ma Panel ndi PV Systems

Ndimaona chitetezo cha dzuwa ngati njira yodzitetezera, osati chipangizo chimodzi.

Zoletsa mphamvu ya dzuwa zimateteza mapanelo, mabokosi ophatikiza, ndi ma inverter mwa kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yodutsa nthawi zonse mu dongosolo lonse la PV.

Nthawi zambiri ndimayika zoletsa ma surge pamalo atatu: pafupi ndi PV array, mkati mwa mabokosi ophatikiza, komanso pa ma inverter terminals. Njira yogawayi imachepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yotsalira pa gawo lililonse.

Nayi njira yosavuta yopezera malo yomwe ndimagwiritsa ntchito:

Njira imeneyi imawongolera kudalirika kwa makina ndikuchepetsa zodabwitsa zosamalira, zomwe oyang'anira kugula zinthu amayamikira.

Zomangira Mphezi za AC ndi Zigawo Zitatu

Sindimanyalanyaza mbali ya AC ya ma solar systems.

Zomangira magetsi za magawo atatu zimateteza makina amphamvu a mafakitale ku mphezi ndi kukwera kwa magetsi komwe kumachokera ku gridi.

Mu machitidwe a magawo atatu, mphamvu ya surge imatha kuyenda mosagwirizana m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Ndimakonda mapangidwe olinganiza a magawo atatu a surge arrester omwe amateteza ma conductor onse mofanana. Makonzedwe a mizati iwiri ndi ofala m'makina osavuta, koma ntchito zamafakitale nthawi zambiri zimafuna chitetezo cha magawo onse komanso chosagwirizana.

Iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino yotetezera kugwedezeka kwa magalimoto m'mafakitale komwe kuli kofunikira kwambiri pakuyendetsa bwino katundu komanso nthawi yogwira ntchito.

Zomangira Zogwiritsa Ntchito Kuthamanga kwa MOV ndi Mapangidwe a Modular

Ndimadalira kwambiri ukadaulo wa MOV pakupanga kwamakono.

Zipangizo zomangira ma surge zochokera ku MOV zimayankha mwachangu kwambiri ndipo zimatseka mphamvu yamagetsi bwino panthawi ya zochitika zosakhalitsa.

Zomangira magetsi za MOV zimagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zoyezera oxide zomwe zimasintha kukana nthawi yomweyo magetsi akakwera. Mapangidwe a modular amapangitsa kuti kusintha kukhale kosavuta pambuyo pa nthawi yomaliza, zomwe zimachepetsa nthawi yokonza.

Malinga ndi zomwe ndakumana nazo, ma modular MOV surge arresters amapereka njira yabwino kwambiri yogwirira ntchito komanso yothandiza pa ntchito za SPD zamafakitale.

Zomangira za SPD kuti Ziteteze Mphezi

Ndimaona mawu a SPD ndi surge arrester akugwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana, koma nkhani yake ndi yofunika.

Choletsa kugwedezeka kwa SPD chimaphatikiza kuyankha mwachangu ndi mphamvu zambiri zogwirira ntchito kuti chiteteze mphezi m'magetsi ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa.

Poyerekeza ndi zotchingira mphezi zachikhalidwe, ma SPD amakono ndi ang'onoang'ono, opangidwa modular, komanso osavuta kuwaphatikiza. Ndimawayika pafupi ndi zida zotetezedwa kuti ndichepetse kutalika kwa lead ndi voltage yotsalira.

Kusankha Choletsa Choyenera cha Kuthamanga kwa Ntchito Yanu

Nthawi zonse ndimasankha kutengera zoopsa, osati mtengo wokha.

Kusankha choletsa kugwedezeka kwa magetsi choyenera kumadalira kuwonekera kwa mphezi, mphamvu yamagetsi ya dongosolo, nthaka, ndi mulingo wofunikira wotetezera.

Pa madera omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, ndikupangira zida zoletsa kuthamanga kwa magetsi za Mtundu 1. Pa mapulojekiti ambiri a dzuwa ndi amalonda, zida za Mtundu 2 zolumikizidwa zimapereka chitetezo chodalirika komanso mtengo wotsika wa umwini. Njirayi imagwirizana bwino ndi ubale wa nthawi yayitali ndi ogulitsa.

Mapeto

Ikani ndalama mu ufulu Chipangizo Choteteza Kuwonjezeka ndi njira yochepetsera kukwera kwa liwiro lero kuti muteteze dongosolo lanu, ndondomeko yanu, ndi phindu lanu la bizinesi kwa nthawi yayitali.

FAQ

Q1: Kodi zoletsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi ma SPD ndi chimodzimodzi?

Zimagwirizana, koma zotchingira mafunde zimapangidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pazochitika zamphamvu kwambiri za mphezi.

Q2: Kodi makina a dzuwa amafunikira zida zoletsa kuthamanga kwa AC ndi DC?

Inde. Mbali zonse ziwiri zikukumana ndi zoopsa zosiyanasiyana.

Q3: Kodi ma DC surge arresters ayenera kuyikidwa kuti?

Pa ma PV arrays, mabokosi ophatikiza, ndi ma inverter inputs.

Q4: Kodi zomangira za MOV surge zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Zimawonongeka nthawi iliyonse yomwe zimatuluka ndipo ziyenera kusinthidwa pakatha nthawi yomwe munthu wamwalira.

Q5: Kodi Mtundu Wachiwiri ndi wokwanira pa ntchito zambiri zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa?

Inde, pokhapokha ngati mphezi yachindunji ikuwonekera kwambiri.