Kodi mungasiyanitse bwanji pakati pa Surge Protective Device (SPD) ndi mphezi?

Ndinaphikapo bolodi la CNC la $20,000 chifukwa ndinasakaniza mabokosi awiri omwe anali pa bolodi.

Ndimauza ogula kuti: SPD ndi mlonda mkati mwa gulu lomwe limaletsa kukwera kwadzidzidzi; choletsa mphezi ndi mlonda padenga yemwe amatembenuza batani lalikulu kupita pansi. Amafanana, koma amasunga chikwama chanu m'njira zosiyana kwambiri.

Pitirizani kuwerenga ndipo ndidzakuwonetsani zilembo zenizeni, manambala oyesera, ndi kusiyana kwa mitengo komwe ndimawona ndikalowa mufakitale kuti musawasokonezenso.

Kodi ndi chiyani Chipangizo Choteteza Kuwonjezeka (SPD)?

Chaka chatha ndinasintha "bokosi lolowera" lolakwika mu fakitale ya pulasitiki ku Florida ndipo ndinawatseka kwa ma shift awiri.

Ndimatcha SPD switch yofulumira yomwe imatsitsa mphamvu ya 6 kV kufika pa 600 V mu nanoseconds kotero ma drive, ma PLC, ndi magetsi zimapulumuka kukwera kwa tsiku ndi tsiku komwe kumayendera pa mains.

Mkati mwa bokosi lachitsulo

SPD ili ndi magawo atatu okha: zitsulo-oxide varistors (MOV), chubu chotulutsa mpweya, ndi kutsekedwa kwa kutentha. MOV imagwira ntchito ngati valavu yodziyimira yokha. Pamene mzerewo udutsa pamwamba pa mphamvu ya clamping, mphamvu ya MOV imatsika kuchokera ku mega-ohms kupita ku ohms ndipo mphamvu yowonjezera imatumizidwa ku waya wopanda mphamvu. Chubu cha mpweya chimagwira ntchito ndi ma nanoseconds mazana angapo oyamba kuti MOV isasungunuke. Ngati spike ndi yayitali kwambiri kotero kuti ziwalozo zimatentha kwambiri, fuse ya kutentha imatsegulidwa ndipo zenera laling'ono lofiira limasanduka lakuda. Zimenezi zimauza kukonza kuti katiriji yatsopano igwetsedwe ndikutseka chitseko. Palibe ntchito yokonza denga, palibe crane, palibe katswiri wamagetsi mu harness.

Manambala omwe ndimalemba pa mtengo

Ndimatumiza wogula aliyense tebulo la mzere umodzi kuti mainjiniya wa fakitale athe kuwona chithunzi cha panelo m'masekondi asanu:

Nthano yofala yomwe ndimapha pa kuyimba kulikonse

“SPD idzandipulumutsa ku mphezi.” Ayi. Idzakupulumutsani ku zotsala zomwe zimalowa pambuyo poti chogwirira pamtengo chachita kukweza zinthu zolemera. Ngati mukuyembekezera kuti SPD igunde mwachindunji ndi 100 kA, ma disk a MOV adzasweka ndipo bokosi la pulasitiki lidzasungunuka. Nthawi zonse ndimagulitsa awiriwa: chogwirira kunja, SPD mkati.

Kodi Kugwira Mphezi N'chiyani?

Ndinaima padenga la nyumba yosungiramo katundu ku Texas mu 2022 ndipo ndinawona ndodo yokhala ndi siketi yosweka ya porcelain; woyang'anira fakitaleyo ankaganiza kuti "ndi chitsulo chabe."

Ndimatcha choletsa mphezi kuti ndi valavu yochepetsera kupanikizika kwamphamvu; imapatsa mphezi ya 200 000 amp njira yolunjika yopita kudziko lapansi kotero kuti nyumbayo isamve kumenyedwa.

Momwe danga la spark limagwirira ntchito

Chogwirizira chimakhala pakati pa chingwe cha pamwamba ndi gridi ya pansi. Mkati mwake muli mulu wa mabuloko a varistor. Pansi pa voltage yanthawi zonse, muluwo ndi wotseguka. Pamene mtambo ukugunda, voltage imadumphira mpaka ma volts mamiliyoni ambiri. Mabuloko a varistor amayendetsa nthawi yomweyo ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi imatsika pansi pa conductor ya mkuwa kupita ku earth rod. Kuthamanga kukangotha, mabuloko amatsekanso kotero kuti mzerewo upitirize kudyetsa katundu. Chochitika chonsecho chimatenga ma microsecond 100. Ngati mabuloko ndi otsika mtengo kapena osweka amakhala otentha; ndichifukwa chake ndimapempha kuti ndichite thermo scan chaka chilichonse.

Makalasi a voltage omwe mudzawawona pa nameplate

Ndimatchula mawu a arresters m'magulu atatu kuti wogula athe kufanana ndi magetsi amagetsi:

Kusiyana kwa mtengo pakati pa China ndi A-brand

Chogwirizira cha polymer cha 33 kV kuchokera ku mzere wanga wa Wenzhou chimadutsa IEC 60099-4 ndipo chimadula $49. Chifaniziro chomwecho kuchokera ku kabukhu ka blue-chip ku Europe chili ndi $210. Ndinalola Jeff kuchita mayeso a impulse a 15 kV ku Houston ndipo kusiyana kwa magetsi otsala kunali 3% yokha. Anasungitsa zidutswa 200 za famu ya mphepo ndipo anasunga $32,000.

Ikani msampha kwa ogula ambiri

Muyenera kukhala ndi mchira wamkuwa wa mita imodzi kapena inductance imasanduka 1000 V pa mita imodzi ndipo bolt idzadumphira m'mbali. Ndimatumiza chithunzi cha stencil pa katundu aliyense kuti kontrakitala asakhote wayawo kukhala coil yoyera kuti "iwoneke yoyera."

Kodi Kusiyana Kwakukulu Pakati pa SPD ndi Lightning Arrester Ndi Chiyani?

Ndinataya nthawi ina chifukwa wogula adalemba zinthu zonse ziwiri pansi pa "surge stuff" ndipo adagula ma arresters awiri a kabati.

Ndimasunga khadi lachinyengo m'thumba mwanga: arrester imagwira ntchito ndi mphezi yayikulu ya 100 kA kunja, SPD imagwira zotsala zazing'ono za 20 kV mkati; zimasiyana mphamvu, liwiro, malo, ndi mtengo.

Mpikisano wa mphamvu - 1000: 1

Kugunda kwa mphezi mwachindunji kumatha kutulutsa ma megajoules 1000. Chogwirizira changa chachikulu cha 33 kV chimayesedwa kuti chizimwa 10 kJ/kV, pafupifupi 300 kJ yonse. SPD ya panel imayesedwa kuti ifike pa 320 J yokha pa varistor disk. Ichi ndichifukwa chake timawakonza: chogwirizira chimadya nyama, SPD imadya nyenyeswa.

Liwiro la mpikisano - 1 vs 100 microseconds

Bolt imakwera mu microsekondi imodzi. Gap ya gasi mkati mwa arrester imayaka mu 0.1 µs. MOV mkati mwa SPD imafuna nanoseconds 25, koma imatenga chingwe chachitali kotero kutsogolo kumakhala kochedwa kale. Ngati musinthana ziwirizi, MOV imaphulika arrester asanadzuke.

Mpikisano wamtengo – 50: 1

Arrester $49, SPD $18. Ikani yokwera mtengo padenga pomwe pakufunika chipangizo chimodzi chokha, ndipo yotsika mtengo pa bolodi lililonse lomwe mukufuna makumi awiri.

Kodi SPD Imateteza Bwanji Zipangizo Zamagetsi?

Ndinaona buledi wa ku Florida atataya ma drive atatu osinthasintha m'mwezi umodzi mpaka titapeza ma DIN-rail SPD awiri kudutsa basi.

Ndikufotokozera oyang'anira mafakitale kuti SPD ndi cholumikizira chamagetsi; imawona spike ikubwera, imatseka chitseko, ndipo imalola 600 V yokha yotetezeka kudutsa ku ma PLC ndi ma drive anu.

Gawo ndi Gawo m'mawu osavuta

1. Mphepo imalowa pa Mzere 1.
2. MOV imamva mphamvu yamagetsi yochulukirapo ndipo mphamvu yake yokana imagwa.
3. Mphamvu yowonjezera imakankhidwira m'mbali mwa bala losalowerera.
4. Mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa Line 1 ndi neutral siimakwera pamwamba pa 1.2 kV.
5. Gawo lolowera pa drive limangowona 480 V yokha kuphatikiza ripple yaying'ono ndipo limagwirabe ntchito.

Manambala enieni ochokera ku benchi yanga yoyesera

Ndinaponya mafunde a 6 kV 3 kA 8/20 µs mu SPD ya 40 kA. Voltage yotsalira pa mawaya otulutsa inali 960 V. Drive ya 480 V yokhazikika imatha kupulumuka 1.5 kV, kotero malire ndi 540 V. Jeff adapempha malire achitetezo a 20%; tinasankha chitsanzo cha 60 kA ndipo tinapeza otsala a 780 V. Anasiya kugula ma drive owonjezera.

Tebulo lomwe ndimasiya ndi magulu okonza zinthu

Ngati bokosi lililonse lalephera, tulutsani katirijiyo ndikulowetsa yatsopano. Palibe ma screwdriver, palibe kuzimitsa.

Kodi Chotchingira Mphezi Chimateteza Bwanji Machitidwe a Mphamvu?

Ndinaona chingwe cha 33 kV ku India chikuyaka ndikusungunuka aluminiyamu ya 200 m mpaka titayika zomangira za polima pa mtengo uliwonse.

Ndimauza ogula magetsi kuti: chogwirira ntchito ndi valavu yochepetsera kupanikizika kwa mlengalenga; chimagwira mphamvu ya ma volt miliyoni ndikuyiyika mu gridi ya dziko lapansi mafuta a transformer asanawirire.

Kuyeza kwa Voltage vs Voltage ya System - Lamulo la 25%

Sankhani chogwirizira chomwe chili ndi voteji ya 75% ya voteji ya mzere kupita ku mzere wa makina. Pa makina a 33 kV ndimasankha chogwirizira cha 30 kV. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chogwiriziracho chisagwire ntchito bwino ngati chatupa, koma chimayakabe pansi pa mulingo woteteza waya wa 170 kV.

Kuyang'ana mphamvu ndi kutalika kwa down-conductor

Mphamvu yomwe chida chogwirira ntchito chiyenera kuyamwa imakula ndi sikweya ya mphamvu ya stroke ndi kutalika kwa mchira wamkuwa. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito fomula E = 0.5 × L × I². Pa stroke ya 100 kA ndi 1 µH/m pa mchira wa 2 m, E = 0.5 × 2 × 100 000² = 10 MJ. Chogwirira changa cha 33 kV chimayesedwa kufika pa 10 kJ/kV × 30 kV = 300 kJ. Gridi ya nthaka iyenera kudya yotsalayo, kotero ndikuumirira kuti ≤4 Ω isagwedezeke ndi dziko lapansi.

Kafukufuku wa nkhaniyi - famu ya mphepo ku Texas

Ma turbine 100, iliyonse yokhala ndi chingwe chosonkhanitsira cha 34.5 kV. Tinayika chomangira chimodzi pa pole iliyonse yachitatu komanso pa transformer iliyonse. Patatha zaka ziwiri, kugunda mwachindunji kunagunda gawo B. Chomangira chinawombera, chomangira chinatsegulidwa ndikutsekedwa, ndipo ma turbine sanasiye. Popanda zomangira, kampaniyi ikanalipira $50,000 ngati chilango chotayika pakupanga.

Kodi Ntchito Zachizolowezi za SPDs ndi Lightning Arresters Ndi Ziti?

Ndinalowa mu fakitale ya nsapato ya ku Vietnam yomwe inagwiritsa ntchito $8,000 pa ndodo za padenga ndipo inalibe mapanelo; makina awo a CNC ankalephera kugwira ntchito nthawi iliyonse yomwe inali ndi mphepo yamkuntho.

Ndimalemba lamulo losavuta pa bolodi loyera: omangira amateteza gridi kunja, ma SPD amateteza tchipisi mkati; amaika chilichonse pomwe chinayesedwa kapena mumawotcha ndalama kawiri.

Kumene ndimagulitsa ma SPD

- Ma drive osinthasintha osinthika mu mizere yotulutsa pulasitiki

- Ma racks a PLC m'mafakitale odzaza mabotolo

- Ma LED amasewera magetsi pa ma circuits 480 V

- Mapanelo olowera a UPS pakati pa data

Kumene ndimagulitsa zomangira

- Mizere ya 33 kV yonyamula mafuta a kanjedza

- Ma transformer owonjezera mphamvu ya mphepo

- Mabokosi ophatikiza a solar 1500 V DC

- Malo osungira sitima

Ntchito zosakanikirana - zipangizo zonse ziwiri

Zipatala: zomangira pa 11 kV incomer, SPDs pa bolodi lililonse la pansi.

Malo osungira deta: zomangira pa malo osungiramo zinthu, ma SPD pa UPS, ma SPD kachiwiri pa malo osungiramo ma seva.

Fakitale yaposachedwa ya Jeff yopangira mapulasitiki: Ma 30 omangira pa mzere wa pole, ma SPD 120 mkati mwa fakitaleyo. Anasiya kugula makadi ena a I/O.

Kodi ma SPD ndi zomangira magetsi nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa kuti?

Ndinaonapo gulu lokonza zinthu likukankhira SPD ku chitsulo cha padenga; mphepo yamkuntho yoyamba inagwetsa varistors kudzera mu chivundikiro cha pulasitiki.

Ndimapatsa kontrakitala aliyense chithunzi cha tsamba limodzi: womanga amakhala pamtengo kapena m'mphepete mwa denga, SPD amakhala mkati mwa chitseko cha panel pa njanji ya 35 mm DIN; sungani mawaya afupikitsa komanso owongoka apo ayi inductance idzapitirira gawolo.

Tepi yachinyengo yochotsera tepi mkati mwa zitseko za panel

Chithunzi cha denga cha Jeff I

1. Malo opumira mpweya (ndodo) pa denga lalitali kwambiri.
2. Choyendetsa pansi cha 2 AWG mkuwa, njira yaifupi kwambiri yopita ku ndodo ya nthaka.
3. Chogwirizira choyikidwa pakhoma, mbali yolunjika ku chida chothandizira, mbali ya dziko lapansi ku ndodo yomweyo.
4. Mkati mwa Switchboard yayikulu, SPD ili m'basi, nthaka mpaka ku bar ya mkuwa.

Gridi imodzi ya dziko lapansi, ntchito ziwiri, palibe chisokonezo.

Kodi Mumasankha Bwanji Chipangizo Choyenera Chogwirizana ndi Zosowa Zanu?

Wogula wina ku Malaysia ananditumizira RFQ ya "zinthu zopitilira muyeso" ndipo ndinatchula 500 ya chilichonse; kwenikweni amafunikira ma SPD okha.

Ndimafunsa mafunso atatu: kodi waya uli ndi mphamvu yotani, mphamvu yotani yomwe ingaugwire, ndipo waya uli kuti? Yankhani mafunsowo ndipo nambala ya gawo imadzilemba yokha.

Mtengo wosankha womwe ndimatumiza kwa ogula ndi imelo

1. Kodi waya umagwiritsidwa ntchito pasanafike mita kapena pambuyo pake?

– Asanachitepo kanthu → womangira.

– Pambuyo → pitani ku 2.

2. Kodi chipolopolocho chachokera ku mphezi kapena kuchokera ku katundu wamkati?

– Mphezi → chomangira kunja + SPD mkati.

– VFD, wowotcherera, wolumikizira → SPD yokha.

3. Kodi mphamvu yamagetsi ya dongosolo ndi yotani?

– 120 V, 277 V, 480 V, 690 V → pick SPD yokhala ndi Uc 15% kuposa nominella.

– 6 kV, 11 kV, 33 kV → chogwirira chopikira chomwe chili ndi 75% ya voteji ya mzere.

Tebulo losankha mwachangu lomwe ndimasindikiza pa mitengo

Zungulirani mzere, sainani PO, tsekani fayilo.

Kodi ma SPD ndi zomangira magetsi ziyenera kusungidwa ndi kuyesedwa bwanji?

Ndinapita ku Germany mu Marichi watha chifukwa zenera la SPD linada patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yokha; fakitaleyo inali italumikiza mbali zonse ziwiri kumbuyo.

Ndimaphunzitsa ogwira ntchito: kuyang'ana pawindo kotala lililonse, kuyeza kutayikira kwa madzi kamodzi pachaka, ndi kuwunika thermo-scan arresters pambuyo pa mphepo yamkuntho iliyonse; ngati thupi la arrester lili lotentha kwambiri kuposa 10 °C kuposa momwe lilili, lisintheni lisanaphulike.

Mndandanda wa tsamba limodzi womwe ndimauyika pa zitseko za mapanelo

Zida zosinthira zomwe ndimatumiza ndi oda iliyonse

- 5% makatiriji owonjezera a MOV a SPDs

- Zipinda ziwiri zowonjezera za polima za omangira

- 1 infrared thermometer, chitsanzo DT-380

Jeff amasunga zidazo m'chipinda chogulitsira; nthawi yopuma yatsika kuchoka pa maola 8 pachaka kufika pa zero.

Mapeto

Ndamanga fakitale ya 2 000 m² ndipo ndatumiza zipangizo 300 000 poyang'ana lamulo limodzi losavuta: arrester kunja, SPD mkati.

Tsegulani bolodi lanu, yang'anani mawaya, ndikuyitanitsa mlonda woyenera lero—makina anu ndi akauntanti anu adzakuthokozani.