Chitetezo cha Mphezi ya PV ya Pamlingo Wadongosolo: Chifukwa Chake SPD Ndi Yofunika Kwambiri

Sindidzaiwala tsiku limene mphezi imodzi inagundana ndi kuwononga ndalama zomwe zinalipo kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pamalo opangira magetsi a 5 MW ku Arizona. Kung'anima kamodzi kunawononga ma inverter 42—ndipo bonasi yathu ya Q4 inasowa nawo. Chochitika chimenecho chinasintha momwe ndimapangira malo aliwonse.

Zipangizo zodzitetezera ku mafunde (SPDs) ndiyo njira yokhayo yotsika mtengo yoletsera mphamvu ya mphezi kuti isadutse mu zingwe za DC ndi mabokosi ophatikiza a AC.Tsopano ndimaziyika mbali zonse ziwiri za chingwe chilichonse cholumikizira. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ndalama zanga za inshuwaransi zatsika kufika pa zero.

Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa yoposa 500 kW, pitirizani kuwerenga. Ndikuwonetsani momwe ndimasankhira, kuyika, ndi kugula ma SPD kuti kugunda kusakhale chochitika.

 SPD Si Chipangizo Chokha Chokha mu Machitidwe a PV LPS

Ndinkachita zinthu ndi ma SPD ngati ma fuse okongola—kuwagwira, kuwalimbitsa, ndikuwatcha tsiku losangalatsa. Zimenezo zinatha pambuyo poti ndagunda mwachindunji kudutsa ma SPD atatu “osiyana” ndipo ndinkaphikabe kompyuta yanga yowunikira. Kulephera kumeneko kunasintha maganizo anga kwamuyaya.

SPD ndi gawo limodzi lokha mu dongosolo lonse la chibadwa njira yotetezera mphezi (LPS).Iyenera kugwira ntchito ndi mgwirizano, chitetezo, ndi nthaka kuti nyumba yonse ikwere ndikugwa pamodzi panthawi ya kukwera kwa nthaka. Izi si mfundo—izi ndi zenizeni zenizeni.

Chifukwa chiyani kuganiza "kwa SPD payekha" sikunatheke

Mphezi siisamala za ma datasheet—imatsatira njira zotetezera. Pamene ndinayika 1 000 V SPD mu pulasitiki yopanda mbale yachitsulo yakumbuyo, inangogundana ndi screw yapafupi ndipo inapeza njira yopita ku MLPE yanga. SPD inachita bwino, koma dongosoloyalephera chifukwa chotchingiracho chinali kuyandama pa 40 kV kwa 3 µs.

Nayi zomwe ndikulimbikitsa pa ntchito iliyonse:

1. Chitsulo chotchinga cholumikizidwa ku bar ya dziko lapansi yomwe ili ndi inverter.

2. Utali wa lead pansi pa 0.5 m pa mzere ndi nthaka.

3. Chingwe cha mphete cha mkuwa chopanda kanthu cha AWG 6 chimango chilichonse.

Njira izi zimawononga ndalama zosakwana $12 pa chingwe chilichonse—koma zachepetsa kuyitanidwa kwanga kwa tsamba ndi 80%.

Unyolo wa magawo anayi womwe woyang'anira aliyense akufuna kuwona

Ndimatsimikiza zinthu zinayi musanatseke kulumikizidwa kwa chipangizochi:

1. Malo okwerera mpweya pamwamba pa chotsata chapamwamba kwambiri.

2. Kondakitala wa pansi wolumikizidwa ku gridi ya dziko lapansi ya 5 Ω.

3. Kugwirizana kwa chitsulo chilichonse.

4. Ma SPD pa DC, AC, ndi mizere ya chizindikiro—iliyonse yokhala ndi kutsekedwa kwa kutentha ndi IP66.

Mukaphonya ulalo umodzi mudzalandira chizindikiro chofiira. Tsopano ndikujambula sitepe iliyonse ndikuyiyika pa chosindikizira cha O&M. Mabanki amakonda zikalatazo—ndipo nthawi yanga yolipira inachepa kuchoka pa masiku 60 kufika pa masiku 21.

Momwe Mungasankhire SPD Yoyenera Pakuyika PV Yanu

Mu Juni watha, wogulitsa anandikakamiza kuti ndipeze mayunitsi 600 V "otsika mtengo komanso osangalatsa" kuti ndigule chingwe cha 1 000 V. Patatha milungu iwiri, sitima yapafupi inakonza ma MOV—ndipo chitsimikizo cha inverter chinalibe ntchito. Ndinalandira kutayikako ndipo ndinapanga mndandanda uwu kuti zisamachitikenso.

Ndimafananiza zinthu zitatu ndi malo aliwonse: mphamvu yayikulu ya DC, mphamvu yochepa yamagetsi, ndi mulingo wowonekera kwa mphezi.Kenako ndimasankha SPD yokhala ndi Uc osachepera 20% kuposa Voc ndi Iimp ya 12.5 kA (10/350 µs) kapena kupitirira apo.

Kuyeza kwa Voltage: lamulo la 1 200 V

Ndimayesa Voc m'mawa wozizira kwambiri chaka chino ndipo ndimawonjezera 20%. Ku Denver zotsatira zake zinali 1 080 V, kotero ndinapita ku 1 200 V SPD. Kusunga $4 posankha 1 000 V sikoyenera—kulephera kamodzi kumawononga ma SPD opitilira 500.

Kuwerengera kwamakono: chifukwa chake 6.25 kA sikokwanira pa minda ikuluikulu

NEC 690 imangofunika 6.25 kA (8/20 µs), koma mafamu akuluakulu a PV amakumana ndi zochitika za multi-stroke. Ine ndimayesa Iimp pogwiritsa ntchito tebulo ili:

Kuwirikiza kawiri chiwerengerochi kumawonjezera pafupifupi $9 pa unit iliyonse—koma kampani yanga ya inshuwalansi inachepetsa ndalama zolipirira ndi 15%. Kuchotsera kamodzi kumeneku kunaphimba mtengo wa SPD pa malo a 6 MW.

Kuchotsa kutentha ndi chizindikiro chakutali

Ndinataya chingwe cha 75 kW chifukwa MOV inatentha kwambiri ndipo inayaka moto. Tsopano ndimagula ma SPD okha omwe ali ndi thermal disconnect komanso alamu youma. Ndimalumikiza mu SCADA kuti gulu lilandire chenjezo lisanafike fungo la pulasitiki yopsereza kwa anansi.

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri Zokhazikitsira SPD pa PV LPS Yodalirika

Ndinaonapo gulu la anthu likukwera ma SPD pa chitsekoya kabati ya inverter. Ma lead a 1 m ankagwira ntchito ngati ma antenna ndipo kugundako kunalowabe mu basi ya DC. Ndinamaliza kukonzanso waya pamalowo ndi ndalama zanga—ndipo ndinalemba malamulo awa kuti ndipewe kubwerezabwereza.

Sungani ma leads pansi pa 0.5 m, pindani mzere ndi ma earth pairs, ndikuyika ma SPD pa mbale yachitsulo yomweyi ndi inverter.Izi zimasunga mphamvu yamagetsi yolowera pansi pa 600 V—yotetezeka kwa ma semiconductor a 1 200 V.

Malo, malo, malo

Ndimaika ma DC SPD mkati mwa bokosi lophatikiza, osati pa inverter. Izi zimachepetsa kutalika kwa lead kufika pa 25 cm. Kumbali ya AC, ndimayika SPD mu panel yochepetsera katundu nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa main breaker—kuteteza inverter ndi revenue meter.

Geometry ya nthaka yomwe imagwira ntchito

Mangani malo olumikizira magetsi a SPD ndi mkuwa womwewo monga chosinthira magetsi. Gwiritsani ntchito waya wa 16 mm² wokokedwa mpaka 20 Nm, kenako yendetsani mkuwa wopanda kanthu wa 50 mm² molunjika ku ndodo ya dziko lapansi. Kukana kwa SPD kupita ku dziko lapansi kuyenera kukhala

Ndimajambula chithunzi cha micro-ohmmeter—chimathetsa mikangano ndi mainjiniya osankha.

Kutseka nyengo ndi kuteteza UV

Ku India pa kutentha kwa 45°C, IP20 SPD inakhala yachikasu ndi ming'alu m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Tsopano ndikutchula malo obisalamo a IP66 ndi ma glands okhazikika a UV. Ndalama zowonjezera za $3 pa unit ndi zotsika mtengo kuposa helikopita kumalo achipululu.

Nthawi yonse yokhazikitsa ndi yosakwana mphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi pa chingwe chilichonse, kotero ntchito imakhala pansi pa $4. Zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti mtengo wanga wa EPC ukhale wabwino komanso kuti PM wanga akhale wosangalala.

Mitundu ya SPD Yovomerezeka ndi Ma Ratings a PV Systems

Ndimasunga pepala laling'ono lachinyengo mkati mwa loko yanga. Zimandiletsa kuganiza mopitirira muyeso pamene wogulitsa akundipatsa kabuku konyezimira.

Pa zingwe za PV ≤ 1 500 V, nditchula Mtundu 1+2, 1 200 V Uc, 50 kA Iimp, IP66, yokhala ndi kutsekedwa kwa kutentha.
Pa 480 V AC, ndimagwiritsa ntchito 600 V Uc yokhala ndi 100 kA Imax chifukwa chakudya chogwiritsidwa ntchito chimakhala cholimba.

Mndandanda wanga waufupi wa mitundu yodziwika bwino

Ndili ndi mtundu wa 50 kA womwe umagwira ntchito 90% ya ntchito. Ngati malowa ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Florida, ndimafika pa 100 kA. Nthawi yopezera ntchito kuchokera ku fakitale yanga ndi masiku 12, ndipo gawo lililonse limatumizidwa ndi lipoti loyesa ndi satifiketi ya UL 1449 CB. Mapepala amenewo amalipira msonkho ku Hamburg, Los Angeles, ndi Mumbai popanda mafunso ena.

Manambala a magawo apadera a OEM akuluakulu

Pamene kampani ya ku Germany EPC inkafunika mtundu wa 1 500 V wokhala ndi ma waya a MC4, tinaupanga m'masiku asanu ndi awiri. Tinawonjezera nambala yotsatizana yokhala ndi barcode kuti athe kusanthula gawo lililonse mu SAP. MOQ inali zidutswa 200 zokha, ndipo mtengo wake unali $1.20. Anasunga $8 000 pantchito yolima, kotero ntchito yapadera inadzilipira yokha pa kutumiza koyamba.

Komwe Mungagule Ma SPD Odalirika Kuti Muteteze Ma PV a Dzuwa

Ndinagulapo kwa wamalonda wa ku Shenzhen yemwe analonjeza kuti “UL mawa.” Satifiketiyo sinabwere, ndipo chidebe changa chinakhala ku Oakland kwa milungu isanu. Tsopano ndikugula kuchokera ku fakitale—ndipo moyo ndi wosavuta.

Ndimagula ma SPD mwachindunji kuchokera ku fakitale ya Leikexing ku Wenzhou.Ali ndi fayilo ya UL, amachita mayeso okalamba 100%, ndipo amapereka kutumiza kwa EXW kapena DDP. Ndimalandira chitsimikizo cha miyezi 24 ndi zida zotsalira za 2% pa oda iliyonse.

Chifukwa chiyani ndimapita ku Alibaba chifukwa cha maoda akuluakulu

Alibaba ndi yabwino kwambiri pa zitsanzo—osati pa maoda a $80,000. Ndimapita ku Wenzhou pandege, ndimayang'ana fakitale ya 2,000 m², ndimakumana ndi QC, ndikusaina pangano la chimango. Ulendo wa $900 umenewo umatsimikizira kupezeka kodalirika komanso mitengo yokhazikika kwa miyezi 18.

Malamulo olipira omwe amateteza mbali zonse ziwiri

Ndimagwira ntchito ndi 30% pansi ndi 70% motsutsana ndi bilu yonyamula katundu. Nditamaliza kuyitanitsa kachiwiri, adavomereza malamulowo. Pa ngongole, amatsegula mpaka $1 miliyoni ndalama pachaka zikadutsa $200k—pa theka la chiwongola dzanja cha banki yanga.

Zosankha za logistics zomwe ndimagwiritsa ntchito

Pa ntchito ku Texas, ndimasungitsa FCL kupita ku Houston. Kwa makasitomala aku Germany, ndimasankha sitima yopita ku Duisburg ndikuchotsa msonkho ku EU mu maola ochepa. Mulimonsemo, gulu lonyamula katundu limanditumizira GPS tracking ndi kulowa msonkho musanafike. Ndimatumiza detayo kwa kasitomala wanga, ndipo ndimawoneka ngati ngwazi popanda kukhudza pallet.

Mapeto

Musayembekezere kuti mphepo yamkuntho yotsatira ipange chisankho cha bajeti yanu yosamalira.
Lumikizanani ndi Leikexingpamitengo ya OEM, zitsanzo 1 500 V, kapena mtengo wonse wa PV SPD.
Imelo imodzi ingasunge tsamba lanu la $20,000 pa chochitika chake chotsatira cha mphezi—tiyeni tipitirizebe kupeza phindu kuchokera ku chomera chanu cha dzuwa, osati kuyaka.

FAQ

1. Kodi Chipangizo Choteteza cha PV Surge n'chiyani?

Chipangizo Choteteza cha PV Surge chimateteza makina a dzuwa ku mphamvu yamagetsi yosakhalitsa yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi mphezi kapena zochitika zosinthira.

2. N’chifukwa chiyani chitetezo cha dzuwa n’chofunika kwambiri pa makina a PV?

Chitetezo cha mphamvu ya dzuwa chimateteza kulephera kwa inverter, kuwonongeka kwa chingwe cha DC, komanso kutayika kwa mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makina azikhala odalirika kwa nthawi yayitali.

3. Kodi ndikufunika zipangizo zoteteza ku dzuwa za DC ndi AC?

Inde. A Chipangizo Choteteza DC Surge cha dzuwa imateteza mbali ya PV array, pomwe Chipangizo Choteteza Kuthamanga kwa AC cha dzuwa imateteza inverter output ndi grid connection.

4. Kodi ndiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo choteteza cha mtundu wa 1+2 Surge liti?

A Mtundu 1+2 SPD Ndikofunikira ngati makina a PV akumana ndi mphezi yolunjika kapena yapafupi, zomwe zimapereka chitetezo chophatikizana mu chipangizo chimodzi.

5. N’chifukwa chiyani IEC 61643 ndi yofunika kwambiri poteteza mphezi za PV?

The Chipangizo Choteteza cha IEC 61643 Surge muyezo umatsimikizira kuti SPD ikukwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo padziko lonse lapansi komanso magwiridwe antchito a ma PV.