Nchifukwa chiyani Chitetezo cha Kuphulika N'chofunika Kwambiri mu Machitidwe a Dzuwa a PV?

Pamene mainjiniya akukambirana momwe mungapangire makina a PV a dzuwa Pazomangamanga, nthawi zambiri chidwi chimayikidwa pa kukula kwa makina a solar PV, kusankha ma inverter, ndi kasinthidwe ka batri. Komabe, chinthu chimodzi chofunikira chomwe chimakhudza mwachindunji kudalirika kwa makina ndi chitetezo cha ma surge.

Ma transients opangidwa ndi mphezi ndi ma overvoltage osinthasintha ndi zina mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa inverter, kuwonongeka kwa MPPT, ndi kulephera kwa makina owongolera. Popanda chitetezo cha ma surge a makina a PV opangidwa bwino, ngakhale makina a PV a dzuwa opangidwa bwino amatha kuvutika ndi nthawi yosayembekezereka komanso kukonza kokwera mtengo.

Mu zamakono kapangidwe ka makina a PV a dzuwa, chitetezo cha mafunde sichinthu chosankha—ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chitetezo cha magetsi komanso magwiridwe antchito a nthawi yayitali.

Kodi ma SPD a Solar PV amateteza bwanji ku kutentha kwa dzuwa kosakhalitsa?

Chosankhidwa bwino PV ya dzuwa SPD (chipangizo choteteza kugwedezeka kwa dzuwa) chimachepetsa kugwedezeka kwa mphamvu kwa kanthawi kochepa mwa kusuntha mphamvu ya kugwedezeka kupita pansi mosamala isanafike kuzinthu zobisika.

Magwero a Mphamvu Yowonjezera Mphamvu mu Machitidwe a PV a Dzuwa

1. Kugunda kwa mphezi mwachindunji kapena pafupi

2. Kukwera kwamphamvu kwa chingwe cha DC chomwe chikuyenda kwa nthawi yayitali

3. Kusintha kwa mafunde chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa gridi

4. Kusintha kwa ma inverter mkati ndi katundu wambiri

Zonse ziwiri makina a PV opangidwa ndi dzuwa olumikizidwa ndi gridi ndi makina a PV a dzuwa opanda gridi Makonzedwe ake ali pachiwopsezo cha kusokonezeka kumeneku. Mapangidwe a makina a hybrid solar PV amakumana ndi zovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwa batri ndi gridi.

Njira Yotetezera mu DC ndi AC Circuits

Makina a solar PV ali ndi magawo a DC ndi AC:

• Mbali ya DC: Pakati pa ma solar panels ndi inverter

• Mbali ya AC: Pakati pa inverter ndi bolodi logawa

Kumbali ya DC, zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri—makamaka m'magulu akuluakulu amalonda—zimafunikira chitetezo chapadera monga chovomerezeka bwino. chipangizo choteteza kuphulika kwa dzuwa yopangidwira ma circuits olowera a PV. Mu ntchito zamagetsi amphamvu, ma DC SPD ayenera kufanana ndi magetsi a system ndi kalasi yotetezera kutentha.

Giredi yaukadaulo Chitetezo cha DC pa mafunde Mayankho amapangidwira makamaka malo okhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yokhala ndi magetsi ambiri otseguka komanso mphamvu yamagetsi yosinthasintha.

Kumbali ya AC, chitetezo cha surge chimayikidwa pa inverter output ndi main distribution panel kuti chiteteze ku chisokonezo chokhudzana ndi gridi.

Kodi Zipangizo Zoteteza Kuthamanga kwa Dzuwa Ziyenera Kuyikidwa Kuti?

Malo oyenera oikira ndi ofunikira kwambiri kapangidwe ka makina a PV a dzuwa kukonzekera.

1. Pa PV Array (DC Side Protection)

Kwa makina omwe ali ndi mawaya atali kapena madenga owonekera:

• Ikani SPD pafupi ndi bokosi lopangira chophatikiza

• Kapena phatikizani SPD mkati mwa gawo lolowera la inverter DC

Izi zimateteza ma DC terminals a inverter ku ma surges oyambitsidwa.

2. Pa Inverter AC Output

Mu makina a PV opangidwa ndi dzuwa olumikizidwa ndi gridi, ma SPD nthawi zambiri amaikidwa:

• Pa inverter AC output terminals

• Pa bolodi lalikulu logawa ma AC

Izi zimatsimikizira kuchepetsa kukwera kwa njira yonse.

3. Pa Ma Battery Storage Systems (Osakanikirana / Opanda Gridi)

Mu makina a PV a dzuwa osakanizidwa ndi makina a PV a dzuwa opanda gridi mapangidwe:

• Ikani ma SPD pa basi ya DC ya batri

• Tetezani chowongolera cha MPPT cholowetsa/chotulutsa

• Onetsetsani kuti ikugwirizana bwino ndi dongosolo loyambira

Machitidwe a batri amawonjezera kukhudzidwa kwa makina chifukwa zamagetsi zamagetsi zimagwira ntchito nthawi zonse zikadzaza.

Kodi Mungaphatikize Bwanji Chitetezo cha Kuphulika kwa Madzi mu Kapangidwe ka Dongosolo la Dzuwa la PV?

Ngati mukuyesa momwe mungapangire makina a PV a dzuwa Moyenera, chitetezo cha mafunde chiyenera kukonzedwa pachiyambi cha kapangidwe kake—osati kuwonjezeredwa pambuyo pake.

Gawo 1: Ganizirani Chitetezo cha Kukwera kwa Madzi Panthawi Yopanga Kukula kwa Dongosolo la PV la Dzuwa

Panthawi ya kukula kwa makina a PV a dzuwa, mainjiniya amawerengera:

• Kuwerengera kukula kwa gulu la dzuwa

• Kukula kwa inverter ya dzuwa

• Kukula kwa batri la batri la dzuwa

Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa magetsi m'dongosolo kuyenera kufotokozedwa. Kusankha kwa SPD kumadalira mwachindunji:

• Mphamvu yamagetsi yotsegula kwambiri (Voc)

• Mphamvu yamagetsi ya AC

• Mtundu wa dongosolo la nthaka

Kunyalanyaza izi pamlingo wokulirapo nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa mavoti a SPD osagwirizana.

Gawo 2: Phatikizani ma SPD mu Solar PV Balance of System (BOS)

Zipangizo zodzitetezera ku mafunde ndi gawo la BOS yolinganiza mphamvu ya dzuwa ya PV, zomwe zikuphatikizapo:

• Mabokosi ophatikiza

• Kutsekedwa kwa DC

• Zophulitsira za AC

• Chowongolera cha MPPT

• Machitidwe owunikira

Ma SPD ayenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi ma breaker ndi zida zochotsera kuti zitsimikizire kuti ntchito yosankha ikugwira ntchito.

Mayankho odalirika oteteza ma surge system a PV ayenera kugwirizana ndi zofunikira pakuteteza ma photovoltaic komanso momwe zinthu zimakhudzira chilengedwe.

Mutha kufufuza ukadaulo wapadera woteteza kuwala kwa dzuwa pamlingo wa wopanga kudzera mu Leikexing kuti timvetse bwino njira zogwirizanitsa.

Kuti mupeze malangizo okhudza kukhazikitsa mbali ya DC, maumboni aukadaulo akupezeka m'magawo odzipereka. Chitetezo cha DC pa mafunde zinthu zothandiza.

Gawo 3: Kukhazikitsa Pansi ndi Kukonza Ma Cable Layout

Chitetezo chogwira ntchito cha mafunde chimafuna:

• Kukhazikika kwa Low-impedance

• Ma lead afupiafupi olumikizirana a SPD

• Kugwirizana koyenera pakati pa chimango cha PV ndi dongosolo lokhazikitsa pansi

• Kupewa ma waya ozungulira pakupanga makina a solar PV

Kapangidwe kolakwika ka kapangidwe kake kangathe kuchepetsa kwambiri mphamvu ya SPD, ngakhale ngati chiŵerengero cha chipangizocho chili cholondola.

Mapeto

Kumvetsetsa momwe mungapangire makina a PV a dzuwa Zipangizo zomangira zimapitirira kusankha ma module ndi mphamvu ya inverter. Dongosolo lolimba liyenera kukhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu cha mafunde a PV m'mabwalo a DC ndi AC.

Mwa kuphatikiza zida zoteteza kugwedezeka kwa dzuwa mu zigawo za makina a PV a dzuwa kuyambira pachiyambi—panthawi yokonza kukula kwa makina a PV a dzuwa ndi kukonza kapangidwe kake—mainjiniya amatha kusintha kwambiri kukhazikika kwa makina, chitetezo, komanso kudalirika kwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kuti mupeze upangiri waukadaulo wokhudzana ndi kuphatikiza chitetezo cha mafunde mu zomangamanga zovuta za photovoltaic, thandizo laukadaulo mwachindunji likhoza kupemphedwa kudzera mwa boma. tsamba lolumikizirana.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri)

N’chifukwa chiyani chitetezo cha mafunde n’chofunika kwambiri pakupanga makina a dzuwa a PV?

Chitetezo cha mafunde chimaletsa mafunde amphamvu kuti asawononge ma inverter, ma MPPT charge controllers, ma batri, ndi ma elekitironi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kodi makina onse a solar PV amafunikira solar PV SPD?

Inde. Makonzedwe onse a solar PV omwe ali ndi gridi yolumikizidwa ndi yomwe ili kunja kwa gridi ayenera kukhala ndi ma SPD oyesedwa bwino mbali za DC ndi AC kuti ateteze ku mphezi ndi ma switching surges.

Kodi ndingasankhe bwanji chipangizo choyenera chotetezera kugwedezeka kwa dzuwa?

Kusankha kumadalira mphamvu yamagetsi ya dongosolo, mtundu wa inverter, kasinthidwe ka nthaka, ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yotseguka kwambiri yomwe imatsimikiziridwa panthawi ya kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ya dzuwa ya PV.

Kodi ma SPD ayenera kuyikidwa kuti mu makina a hybrid solar PV?

Mu makina osakanikirana, ma SPD ayenera kuyikidwa pambali ya DC ya PV, inverter AC output, ndi DC bus yosungira batri kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha njira yonse.

Kodi chitetezo cha mafunde ndi gawo la BOS (solar PV balance of system)?

Inde. Zipangizo zoteteza kugwedezeka kwa magetsi zimagawidwa ngati gawo la BOS ya solar PV, pamodzi ndi zida zolumikizira, mawaya, ndi zida zolumikizira magetsi.