Kodi Mungasankhe Bwanji Chitetezo Chabwino Kwambiri cha Magawo Atatu?

Ndinatayapo bolodi la CNC la $40,000 chifukwa sindinalandire SPD ya $200. Kuluma kumeneko kunandiphunzitsa momwe ndingasankhire yoyenera.

Ndimasankha SPD ya magawo atatu poyang'ana Uc, In, Imax, Iimp, Up, housing, ndi satifiketi zake. Chipangizochi chiyenera kufanana ndi voltage ya system yanga, kuthana ndi vuto langa lalikulu, ndikulowa mu panel yanga.

Pitirizani kuwerenga ndipo ndidzakuwonetsani mndandanda weniweni womwe ndimapereka kwa wogula aliyense amene andipempha mtengo.

Kodi Chitetezo cha Kuthamanga kwa Magawo Atatu ndi Chiyani?

Ndimatumiza mabokosi ambirimbiriwa mwezi uliwonse, koma ogula ambiri amandifunsabe zomwe zili mkati.

Choteteza ma surge cha magawo atatu ndi bokosi lachitsulo lomwe lili ndi ma varistor a metal-oxide ndi machubu a gasi. Chimayendetsa magetsi owonjezera padziko lapansi kuti ma surge asafikire ma mota anga, ma drive, kapena ma PLC.

Momwe ndimatchulira ziwalo zomwe zili mkati

Ndimatsegula imodzi mwa mayunitsi athu a Leikexing pa benchi langa. Mudzawona ma varistor atatu kapena anayi olumikizidwa pakati pa L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L1, ndi mzere uliwonse wopita padziko lapansi. Fuse yaying'ono yotenthetsera imakhala pa disk iliyonse ya varistor. Ngati disk itentha kwambiri, fuse imatseguka ndipo mbendera yofiira imatuluka. Mbendera iyi imandipatsa chizindikiro chowoneka mwachangu ndikayenda pamzere wa panel.

Chifukwa chiyani ndimasankha njira ya 3+1 pa zomera zambiri

Kasitomala wanga waku Germany amayendetsa ma network a 400 V TN-S. Amayitanitsa 3+1 mode: ma varistors atatu a line-to-line ndi amodzi a N-PE. Mode iyi imandipatsa chitetezo chofanana pa phase ndi neutral. Ndikadagwiritsa ntchito 3-mode yokha, neutral-to-earth surge ikadathabe kugunda PLC yake. Mtengo wowonjezera wa $8 ndi wotsika mtengo kuposa ola limodzi lokha lopuma.

Momwe ndimawerengera chizindikirocho m'masekondi khumi

Ndimaphunzitsa ogula kuwerenga chizindikirocho mozondoka pamene chipangizocho chikadali m'bokosi. Yang'anani manambala asanu awa:

Ngati nambala iliyonse ikusowa, ndikupempha wogulitsayo kuti andipatse pepala loyesera. Palibe pepala, palibe kugula.

Kodi chipangizo choteteza ma surge cha magawo atatu chimagwira ntchito bwanji?

Ndikukumbukirabe nthawi yoyamba yomwe ndinawona 40 kA ikukwera pa oscilloscope. Mzere wamagetsi unali kukwera ngati roketi.

SPD yanga ya magawo atatu imagwira ntchito ngati switch yofulumira. Pamene magetsi a mzere akukwera pamwamba pa mulingo wake wa clamp, kukana kwa varistor kumatsika kuchokera ku mega-ohms kupita ku ohms mu nanoseconds. Imafupikitsa kukwera kwa mphamvu kupita ku dziko lapansi ndikuyambiranso pamene magetsi akubwerera mwakale.

Mzere wokhotakhota womwe ndimakoka kwa ogula

Ndimajambula mzere wosavuta pa bolodi loyera. Kumanzere kuli 230 V RMS; kumanja kuli 1 kV. Ndimajambula pamwamba pa 700 V. Mzere wosalalawo ndi Up, kapena let-through voltage. Chilichonse pamwamba pa mzerewo chimatenthedwa mu varistor, osati mu drive yanu. Ndimauza ogula kuti: "Digital yanu imangowona zomwe zili pansi pa mzere wosalalawo."

Chifukwa chiyani liwiro limaposa kukula

Varistor yayikulu imatha kutenga mphamvu zambiri, koma imachedwetsanso. Ndimayesa mayunitsi awiri mbali ndi mbali: diski ya 40 mm ndi diski ya 34 mm. Chipangizo chaching'ono chimatseka 50 V pansi chifukwa ma lead ake ndi afupiafupi. Pa ma servo drive nthawi zonse ndimasankha diski yaying'ono komanso yothamanga ngakhale itawononga 5% yowonjezera. Nthawi yopuma yomwe ndasunga imabwezera mkati mwa sabata imodzi.

Kumene ndimayika mgwirizano wa dziko lapansi

Ndinapita ku tsamba lina ku UK lomwe linkapitiliza kuphulika ma SPD. Wokhazikitsayo anali atayendetsa waya wa dziko lapansi wa mamita 10 kubwerera ku bar yayikulu. Kulowa kwa waya kunawonjezera 600 V ku voltage yolowera. Ndinasuntha SPD earth kupita ku bar yamkuwa ya 50 mm² pafupi ndi panelo. Chochitika chotsatira cha surge sichinakhudze ma drive. Kutalikirana ndi dziko lapansi ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa dzina la kampani.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zoteteza ma surge protectors a magawo atatu

Mwezi watha ndinalowa mu fakitale yogulitsira zakudya ku France. Mota iliyonse yonyamula katundu inali itagwa chifukwa cha mphepo yamkuntho. Anali atasiya kugwiritsa ntchito ma SPD pa chodyetsa chakudya cha MCC.

Ndimayika ma SPD a magawo atatu pa ma main feeders, ma sub-panels, ndi pa makina. Chigawo chachikulu chimatenga 80% ya mphamvu, gawo laling'ono limatenga 15%, ndipo gawo lapafupi limapulumutsa PLC. Cascade iyi imasunga mzere wanga ukugwira ntchito maola 24 pa sabata.

Zigawo zitatu zomwe ndimajambula pa projekiti iliyonse

Mtengo wonse wa chingwe cha 500 kW ndi wotsika kuposa $400. VFD imodzi yokazinga imadula $3,200. ROI ndi 8:1 ngakhale kukwera kamodzi kokha kukuchitika pachaka.

Chifukwa chiyani sindimasakaniza SPD ndi VFD m'bokosi limodzi?

Kutentha ndiko kupha. VFD imayenda pa 60 °C mkati. SPD imachotsa 1% pa 1 °C iliyonse pamwamba pa 40 °C. Ngati ndiyika SPD mkati mwa bokosi la VFD, 40 kA rating yake imatsika kufika pa 25 kA. Ndimayiyika pakhoma lakunja lakumanzere, lopanda mpweya wabwino wa 200 mm. Chipangizocho chimakhalabe chozizira ndipo ndimakumanabe ndi IP54 yokhala ndi denga laling'ono.

Momwe ndimagwirira ntchito ndi dzuwa mufakitale yomweyo

Malo omwewo aku France ali ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa ya 200 kW padenga. Inverter imabwereranso ku bolodi lalikulu lomwelo. Zingwe za dzuwa zimatha kubweretsa ma surges kumbuyo. Ndimawonjezera DC SPD pa chophatikiza chingwe ndi AC SPD pa chotulutsa cha inverter. Magawo onsewa ali ndi gawo la earth bar lomwelo ndi SPD yayikulu. Dziko limodzi, mulingo umodzi wa clamp, palibe ndewu.

Mfundo Yogwira Ntchito Yoteteza Kuthamanga kwa Gawo Lachitatu

Ndimakonda kuphwanya disk ya varistor ndi nyundo ikamaliza ntchito yake. Mkati mwake mukuona mchenga wakuda wa ceramic. Mchenga umenewo ndiye ngwazi.

SPD yanga ya magawo atatu imagwira ntchito pa kugawa kwa magetsi. Pansi pa 400 V yachizolowezi, varistor imagwira ntchito ngati switch yotseguka. Pamene surge ikukweza mzere uliwonse pamwamba pa 700 V, varistor imatseka ndikugawa mphamvu ya surge pakati pa njira za line-earth ndi line-neutral. Pambuyo pa surge, imabwerera ku resistance yayikulu ndikudikirira kugunda kwina.

Nthawi ya nano-second yomwe ndimasindikiza kwa ogula

Ndimata pepala ili mkati mwa chitseko cha panel. Akatswiri a zamagetsi amalikonda chifukwa amatha kuona chifukwa chake chizindikiro chofiira sichinagwedezeke: chipangizocho chinabwezeretsedwanso, kotero kuti kukwera kwake kunali kochepa.

Chifukwa chiyani ndimasankha 275 V Uc pamakina a 230 V

Makina a 230 V amatha kufika pa 253 V tsiku lowala. Ngati nditasankha 275 V Uc, ndili ndi malire a 22 V. 320 V Uc ingandipatse malire a 67 V koma mphamvu yamagetsi yolowera imakwera ndi 120 V. Ndimavomereza malire ocheperako kuti ndipeze clamp yotsika. M'zaka khumi takhala ndi ma trip opanda pake pa mayunitsi a 275 V. Chiphunzitsochi ndi chabwino, koma deta yanga yamunda imapambana.

Momwe ndimayesera gulu lisanachoke ku fakitale yanga

Ndinapanga labu ya 60 kA 8/20 µs surge ku Wenzhou. Gulu lililonse limalandira chitsanzo chimodzi choyesera. Ndimawonjezera mphamvu ya chipangizocho katatu pa 60 kA, kenako ndimayesa Up. Ngati Up ikupitirira 10%, ndimakana gululo. Ogula amalandira lipoti loyesa kudzera pa imelo chidebe chisanachoke padoko. Lipotilo ndi chanza changa.

Zizindikiro 4 Zomwe Muyenera Kuzisintha SPD Yanu Yachitatu

Chaka chatha ndinayenda pa buledi ku UK. Zenera lawo la SPD linali lakuda, koma manejala wa fakitale anati, “Limawalabe wobiriwira, kotero liyenera kuti lili bwino.” Patapita milungu iwiri, uvuni wa PLC unakazinga.

Ndimasintha SPD yanga ya magawo atatu pamene zenera lili lofiira, fuse ya kutentha yatsegulidwa, varistor yasweka, kapena pepala loyesera likuwonetsa kukwera kwa mpweya pamwamba pa 10%. Chizindikiro chilichonse chimatanthauza kuti chipangizocho sichidzatseka kukwera kwina.

Kuwunika kwa sekondi imodzi komwe ndimaphunzitsa

Ndimapempha katswiri aliyense wamagetsi kuti achite izi: kutsegula gulu, kuyang'ana zenera la SPD, kutseka gululo. Ngati zenera silili lobiriwira, amalemba nambala ya chizindikiro cha SPD pa bolodi loyera. Ndimatumiza zida zina ku chipinda chosungiramo zinthu. Kusinthana kumatenga mphindi zisanu ndipo palibe zida. Timaona ngati kusintha babu.

Momwe ndimagwiritsira ntchito choyezera chogwirira ntchito pobisalira

Nthawi zina zenera limakhala lobiriwira, koma varistor imakhala yotopa. Ndimatseka waya wa nthaka ndikudutsa mzere ndi choyezera kutentha cha 500 V. Ngati mphamvu ya dziko lapansi ili pansi pa 0.5 mA, varistor imakhalabe yabwino. Kupitirira 2 mA kumatanthauza kuti yayamba kutuluka. Ndimalemba nambala ndikuyisintha pa nthawi yotsatira yotseka. Kuyesaku kumatenga mphindi ziwiri ndipo kumasunga kuyimba kwa mantha nthawi ya 2 koloko m'mawa.

Chizindikiro cha deti chomwe ndimachimangirira pa chipangizo chilichonse

Ndimasindikiza chizindikiro chaching'ono chokhala ndi tsiku loyika ndi QR code. Khodiyo imalumikizana ndi pepala la Google. Pepalalo limasonyeza tsiku loyika, tsiku lomaliza loyesa, ndi tsiku lotsatira lomaliza. Chipangizocho chikafika zaka zisanu, makina anga amanditumizira imelo. Ndimatumiza uthenga kwa wogula: "SPD yanu tsopano ili ndi zaka zisanu. Mtengo wake ukadali $85. Kodi ndiwonjezere zidutswa ziwiri ku oda yanu yotsatira?" Ogula ambiri amadina "Yankhani Inde" pasanathe masekondi khumi.

Momwe Mungasankhire Ma SPD Abwino Kwambiri Atatu Atatu？

Ndimalandira imelo iyi pafupifupi tsiku lililonse: “Jason, ndipatseni mtengo wanu wabwino kwambiri.” Ndimayankha ndi mafunso asanu ndi limodzi. Wogula akayankha, ndimatumiza mtengo wa mzere umodzi. Mgwirizanowu umatha patatha ola limodzi.

Ndimasankha SPD yoyenera ya magawo atatu pogwirizanitsa manambala asanu ndi makina anga: magetsi, magetsi afupikitsa, kuthamanga komwe kumayembekezeredwa, IP yozungulira, ndi mndandanda wa satifiketi. Kenako ndimapempha wogulitsa kuti andipatse pepala loyesera ndi chitsimikizo cha zaka zisanu. Ngati zonse zifika tsiku limodzi, ndimagula.

Pepala lachinyengo la masitepe asanu lomwe ndimatumiza kwa ogula

Ndimakopera mizere isanu iyi mu imelo. Woperekayo anganene kuti “Inde, timakumana ndi zonse” kapena amasintha mzere umodzi. Palibe nkhani yayitali, palibe ma PDF brochure.

Chifukwa chiyani sindimatsata mtengo wotsika kwambiri

Ndimawerengera Mtengo Wonse wa Umwini: mtengo + katundu + msonkho + mtengo wanga wa chochitika chimodzi chogwira ntchito. Ku Germany, ola limodzi logwira ntchito pa mzere wa magalimoto ndi €40,000. €65 SPD yomwe yalephera imandiwonongera mtengo wake kuwirikiza ka 615. Ndimalipira €85 pa galimoto yokhala ndi lipoti la TUV ndi katundu wakomweko. €20 yowonjezera ndi inshuwaransi yanga.

Momwe ndingakhazikitsire mgwirizano wamtengo wa zaka ziwiri

Ndimauza wogula kuti: “Ikani maoda awiri mu chidebe chimodzi tsopano. Ndisunga mtengo wake kwa miyezi 24.” Wogula amasunga $2,000 pa katundu ndipo amapeza chitetezo cha mtengo kuti asagwe mkuwa. Ndimayika zinthu 500 mu nyumba yathu yosungiramo katundu ya Wenzhou ndi chizindikiro chake. Akayimba foni, ndimatumiza mkati mwa maola 48. Mbali zonse ziwiri zimagona bwino.

Mapeto

Ndataya ndalama chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma surges, choncho ndalemba mndandanda uwu. Gwiritsani ntchito, sankhani SPD yoyenera, ndikuyimitsa bolt yotsatira isanakulepheretseni. Nditumizireni imelo pa caroline@leikexing.com ndipo ndikutumizirani chitsanzo chaulere lero.