Momwe Mungasankhire Moyenera Choteteza Kuthamanga (SPDs).

Kodi zoteteza ma surge zitha kugawidwa m'magulu angati?

Mtundu 1 (Mtundu Wosinthira Voltage)

• Ntchito:
  Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kutulutsa mafunde akuluakulu (10/350μs waveform) kuchokera ku mphezi yolunjika kapena yoyambitsidwa.
  Kawirikawiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakhomo lalikulu logawa magetsi m'nyumba (malo osinthira kuchokera ku LPZ0 kupita ku LPZ1).
• Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito:

High impedance mu mkhalidwe wabwinobwino: 

Ngati palibe kukwera kwa mphamvu, SPD imakhalabe mu mkhalidwe wa kupondereza kwakukulu, osakhudza dera lonselo.
Kulephera kochepa pakuyambitsa:

Pamene mphamvu ya mafunde ikupitirira malire (monga 4kV), chubu chotulutsira mpweya chamkati (GDT) kapena spark gap chimasweka, ndikupanga njira yotsika yochotsera mphamvu kuti itulutse mafunde a kA makumi angapo nthawi yomweyo.
Kuzimitsa kwa arc kotsatira: Pambuyo poti kuphulikako kutha, GDT imabwerera ku mkhalidwe woipa kwambiri kudzera mu kudzibwezeretsa kwake.

• Zigawo Zapakati:

Chubu Chotulutsira Gasi (GDT):Amachita kudzera mu ionization ya mpweya wopanda mphamvu.
Mpata wa Spark:Amatuluka kudzera mu mpweya wosweka, wokhala ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito yamphamvu (ikhoza kupitirira 100kA).

Mtundu 2 (Mtundu Woletsa Voltage)

• Ntchito:

Zimateteza ku mphezi yoyambitsidwa ndi ma overvoltage osinthika (mawonekedwe a mafunde a 8/20μs).

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapanelo ogawa.

• Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito:

Khalidwe lopanda kulowerera kwa impedance: 

Pamene mphamvu yamagetsi ikukwera, mphamvu yamkati ya varistor (MOV) imatsika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ikhale yotetezeka (monga Up ≤ 1.5kV).

Kutulutsa kosalekeza: 

MOV imatha kutulutsa mafunde ocheperako mobwerezabwereza (20–40kA), koma mafunde okwera amatha kuchepetsa magwiridwe ake.

• Chigawo Chachikulu:

Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV):Yopangidwa ndi tinthu ta zinc oxide (ZnO), chipangizo cha semiconductor chomwe chimagwira ntchito ngati magetsi.

Mtundu 3 (Chitetezo Chophatikizana kapena Chochepa)

• Ntchito

Yankho lachangu:Imagwiritsa ntchito ma TVS diode kapena MOV+TVS kuphatikiza ndi nthawi yoyankha ≤1ns.

Voliyumu yotsika kwambiri yolumikizira (monga, Up ≤ 0.8kV), kuonetsetsa kuti zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta ndi zotetezeka.

Chigawo chachikulu:

Diode ya Transient Voltage Suppression (TVS):Imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya chipale chofewa cha PN kuti igwire ntchito mwachangu kwambiri koma ili ndi mphamvu yochepa yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi (

Kusankha chipangizo choyenera choteteza mafunde (SPD) n'kofunika kwambiri. Kodi mungasankhe bwanji chipangizo chimodzi pazochitika zosiyanasiyana?

1.Fotokozani Zofunikira pa Chitetezo

1.1 Dziwani Magwero a Kuwonjezeka kwa Magazi

Kugunda kwa mphezi mwachindunji (monga kugunda kwa nyumba):  Imafuna mtundu wa 1 SPD (mawonekedwe a mafunde a 10/350μs).

Kuphulika kwa mphezi kapena ma overvoltage osinthika (monga kusinthasintha kwa gridi, kuyambitsa/kutseka zida): Imafuna mtundu wachiwiri kapena mtundu wachitatu wa SPD (mawonekedwe a mafunde a 8/20μs).

1.2 Dziwani Malo Otetezera (LPZ)

LPZ0 → LPZ1 zone (monga, mphamvu yayikulu yolowera):

 Mtundu 1 kapena Mtundu 1+2 wosakanizidwa wa SPD.

LPZ1 → LPZ2 zone (monga, gulu logawa pansi):

Mtundu wachiwiri wa SPD.

LPZ2 → LPZ3 zone (monga, kutsogolo kwa zida):

Mtundu wachitatu kapena SPD yolondola.

2.Kusankha Ma Parameter Ofunika

2.1Voltage Yogwira Ntchito Yopitirira (Uc)

2.1.1 Iyenera kukhala yokwera kuposa mphamvu yamagetsi yovotera ya makina (monga, pa makina a 385V, sankhani Uc ≥ 385V).

2.2.2 Ganizirani za kusinthasintha kwa gridi (±10~20%).

2.2Mlingo Woteteza Voltage (Kukwera)

2.2.1 Lower Up imapereka chitetezo chabwino koma iyenera kufanana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yolimba ya chipangizocho.

2.2.2 Lamulo lachindunji: Kukwera ≤ 80% ya mphamvu yamagetsi yolimbana ndi zida (monga, ngati zida zimatha kugwira 2.5kV, sankhani Kukwera ≤ 2.0kV).

2.3 Mphamvu Yogwiritsira Ntchito Pakali pano (In / Imax)

• Mtundu 1: Mu ≥ 12.5kA (mawonekedwe a mafunde a 10/350μs).
• Mtundu 2: Gawo lalikulu logawa: Imax ≥ 40kA (8/20μs).

Gawo logawa: Imax ≥ 20kA (8/20μs).

• Mtundu 3: Mu ≥ 5kA (mafunde ophatikizana).

2.4 Nthawi Yoyankha

Ma SPD Okhazikika: ≤25ns.

Pazida zolondola, sankhani njira zachangu (monga ma TVS diode, ≤1ns).

3.Kusankha ndi Ntchito Chitsanzo

3.1Machitidwe Operekera Mphamvu

3.1.1 Gulu Lalikulu Logawa: Mtundu 1+2 hybrid SPD (monga, Imax = 100kA, Up ≤ 2.5kV).

3.1.2 Gulu Logawa Zinthu: Mtundu wa 2 SPD (monga, Imax = 40kA, Up ≤ 1.8kV).

3.1.3 Mapeto a Zipangizo: Mtundu wa 3 kapena SPD yokhazikika pa soketi (monga, Kukwera ≤ 1.2kV).

3.2 Mizere ya Chizindikiro/Kulankhulana

3.2.1 Gwiritsani ntchito ma SPD apadera a chizindikiro, mitundu yofananira ya mawonekedwe (monga, RJ45, RS485).

Samalani ndi kuchuluka kwa ma transmission ndi kutayika kwa insertion (ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito netiweki ya Gigabit, sankhani chitsanzo chogwirizana ndi ma high-frequency)

3.Machitidwe atatu a PV/DC

Sankhani ma DC SPD okhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya Uc ≥ 1.2 × system.