Chitetezo cha Mphezi Yamkati ndi Zipangizo Zothandizira Kuthamanga: Kodi Kusiyana N'kutani?

1. Ubale Pakati pa Chitetezo cha Mphezi Yamkati ndi Chitetezo cha Kuphulika

Chitetezo cha Mphezi Yamkati (LPS Yamkati):

Ichi ndi gawo la dongosolo loteteza mphezi. Limaphatikizapo kulumikizana kwa equipotential kwa mphezi ndi/kapena kulekanitsidwa kwa magetsi ndi dongosolo loteteza mphezi lakunja.

Njira Zotetezera Kuphulika kwa Mafunde (SPM):

Izi ndi njira zomwe zatengedwa kuti ziteteze machitidwe amkati ku mphezi zamagetsi (LEMP). SPM ndi gawo la dongosolo lonse loteteza mphezi.

Malinga ndi Chithunzi 1 mu GB/T 21714.1, chitetezo chonse cha mphezi chimaphatikizapo Lightning Protection System (LPS) ndi Surge Protection Measures (SPM). Chitetezo cha surge (SPM) chili mu GB/T 21714.4, pomwe chitetezo chamkati cha mphezi ndi gawo la LPS (lomwe limaphatikizapo mbali zakunja ndi zamkati), ndipo lafotokozedwa mu GB/T 21714.3.

Chithunzi 1 - Ubale Pakati pa Zigawo za GB/T 21714

2. Chiyambi cha Chitetezo cha Mphezi Yamkati ndi Chitetezo cha Kuphulika

2.1 IEC 1024-1:1990

Mu IEC 1024-1:1990, "Kuteteza nyumba ku mphezi - Gawo 1: Mfundo Zazikulu", gawo 1.2.7 limafotokoza Chitetezo cha Mphezi Yamkati ngati njira zina zonse zopitilira chitetezo cha mphezi yakunja. Njirazi zimathandiza kuchepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimachokera ku mafunde a mphezi mkati mwa malo otetezedwa. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi IEC 1024-1:1990, LPS yamkati imaphatikizapo chilichonse kupatula LPS yakunja - yomwe imaphimbanso chitetezo ku ma electromagnetic pulses (LEMP).

2.2 IEC 62305-1:2006

Pofika nthawi ya IEC 62305-1:2006, "Chitetezo ku mphezi - Gawo 1: Mfundo Zazikulu" (kope loyamba), matanthauzo ake adakhala omveka bwino:

3.42 Dongosolo Loteteza Mphezi Yamkati (LPS): Gawo la LPS lomwe lili ndi mgwirizano wamagetsi ndi/kapena kulekanitsidwa kwamagetsi kuchokera ku LPS yakunja. 3.49 Dongosolo Loteteza Mphezi ya LEMP (LPMS): Dongosolo lonse la njira zotetezera machitidwe amkati ku ma pulse amagetsi amphezi (LEMP).

Mndandanda wa IEC 62305-1 mpaka 4:2006 unasintha miyezo yakale, kuphatikiza zikalata zingapo za IEC TC81. Unagawa tanthauzo lakale la LPS yamkati kuchokera ku IEC 1024 m'magawo awiri: LPS yamkati ndi LPMS (yoteteza LEMP). Mu IEC 62305-1:2024, LPMS idasinthidwa mwalamulo kukhala Surge Protection Measures (SPM).

Njira zitatu zotetezera mphezi zamkati

Chitetezo cha mkati mwa mphezi n'chofunikira kwambiri pa chitetezo cha mphezi chomwe chikugwira ntchito bwino. Ngati palibe chitetezo chamkati, mafunde a mphezi omwe akuyenda kudzera mu LPS yakunja kapena mbali zina zoyendetsera nyumbayo angayambitse ma firecrackers oopsa. Ma firecrackers amenewa angayambitse moto, kuvulala kwa anthu, kapena kuwonongeka kwa zomangamanga. Kupatula kusiyana kwa mtunda wolekanitsidwa, chitetezo chamkati ndi chimodzimodzi pamlingo wonse woteteza mphezi. Ma firecrackers amatha kuchitika pakati pa LPS yakunja ndi zigawo zotsatirazi: Kukhazikitsa zitsulo, machitidwe amkati mwa nyumbayo, zida zoyendetsera kunja kapena mapaipi olumikizidwa ku nyumba yotetezedwa.

Malinga ndi miyezo, ma spark omwe amapezeka m'malo omwe angaphulike m'nyumbamo nthawi zonse amaonedwa kuti ndi oopsa. Pofuna kupewa kupangika kwa ma spark, njira imodzi mwa izi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito: Equipotential bonding, kapena; Electrical insulation pakati pa zigawo zachitsulo.

Miyezo yolumikizirana ya equipotential (onani Chithunzi 2) ikuphatikizapo izi:

Ma conductor olumikizira, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene kulumikizana kwachilengedwe sikupereka kusinthasintha kwa magetsi, mwachitsanzo, polumikiza mwachindunji ku mapaipi amadzi kapena otenthetsera;

Zipangizo Zoteteza za Surge (SPD), zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene kulumikizana mwachindunji sikungatheke, mwachitsanzo, pamizere yamagetsi otsika; ndi

Mipata Yokhala ndi Ma Spark (ISG), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene ma bonding conductors saloledwa, mwachitsanzo, pamapaipi oteteza cathodic kapena mapaipi a gasi.

Chithunzi 2

Kugwirizana kwa Equipotential kwa chitetezo cha mphezi Ili ndi makhalidwe otsatirawa kutengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya LPS yakunja:

LPS Yopatukana: Kugwirizanitsa kumachitika pansi pokha;

LPS Yolumikizidwa: Kugwirizanitsa kuyenera kuchitika pa:

（1） Pansi kapena pansi, ndi;

（2）Malo aliwonse omwe palibe mtunda wofunikira wotetezera kutentha kapena kulekanitsa.

LPS yotetezedwa ndi magetsi: Kuwonjezera pa kulumikiza pansi, kulumikiza kungachitikenso pamakina oletsa mpweya kapena ma down conductors.

4 Njira Zotetezera Kuphulika kwa Mafunde

SPM yoyambira imaphatikizapo zigawo izi:

(1) Netiweki yolumikiza nthaka ndi yopangira zinthu

Dongosolo la nthaka limayendetsa ndikutulutsa mphamvu ya mphezi bwino m'nthaka.

Netiweki yolumikizirana imachepetsa kusiyana komwe kungachitike ndikuchepetsa zotsatira za mphamvu ya maginito.

(2) Kuteteza maginito ndi mawaya oyenera

Kuteteza malo kumachepetsa mphamvu zamaginito mkati mwa LPZ zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kugunda kwa mphezi mwachindunji kapena kugunda pafupi ndi nyumbayo, ndipo zimathandiza kuchepetsa kukwera kwamkati.

Kuteteza zingwe zamkati ndi zingwe zotetezedwa kapena machubu kumachepetsa kukwera kwa madzi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukwera kwa madzi.

Kukonza bwino mawaya amkati kumathandiza kuchepetsa ma induction loops ndikuchepetsa ma surges amkati. Kuteteza mizere yakunja pamalo olowera nyumba kumachepetsanso ma surges omwe amachitikira m'makina amkati.

(3) Dongosolo la SPD logwirizana

Dongosolo la SPD logwirizana limachepetsa mphamvu ya mafunde akunja ndi amkati.

(4) Ma interface odzipatula

Ma interfaces odzipatula amachepetsa zotsatira za ma surges oyendetsedwa pa mizere yolowa mu LPZ.

Kulumikizana kwa nthaka ndi equipotential kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa nthawi zonse, makamaka pamalo olowera nyumba - kaya kudzera mu kulumikizana mwachindunji kapena polumikiza ntchito iliyonse yoyendetsa magetsi ku SPD monga gawo la equipotential bonding.

(5) Kugwiritsa Ntchito Machitidwe Ochenjeza Mphepo Yamkuntho (TWS)

Gawo 7.1 la IEC 62305-1:2024 limanena kuti kuyambitsa TWS motsatira IEC 62793 kungathandize ngati njira yodzitetezera pochotsa mautumiki akunja, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa makina amagetsi ndi zamagetsi pafupipafupi.

5 Mapeto

Njira zamkati mwa dongosolo cholinga chake ndi kupewa kuphulika koopsa, kuphatikizapo kulumikizana kwa mphezi ndi SPD ya mlingo woyamba. Chitetezo cha kuphulika kwa mpweya makamaka chimakhudza kuphulika kwa mpweya komwe kumakhudza machitidwe amkati, ndipo ma SPD omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachifukwa ichi ayenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi SPD ya mlingo woyamba, koma osaphatikizapo mlingo woyamba. SPD yokha.