Ma Parameter Ofunika ndi miyezo yoyesera ya Surge Protective Devices (SPDs)

Chipangizo Choteteza Kuthamanga (SPD): Chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kupitirira kwa mphamvu zamagetsi ndi kusokoneza mafunde amphamvu. Ma SPD amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu makina ogawa magetsi otsika ndi machitidwe odziwitsa kuti ateteze ku kupitirira kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, kupitirira kwa mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi (LEMP), ndi kulowerera kwa magetsi zamagetsi (EMI). Kuti ateteze mbali yamagetsi amphamvu motsutsana ndi kupitirira kwa mphamvu zamagetsi kotereku, zoletsa kupitirira kwa mphamvu zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwake.

I. Magawo Ofunika a Zipangizo Zoteteza Kuthamanga (SPDs)

1. Voltage Yogwira Ntchito Yopitirira (Uc): Voliyumu yayikulu ya root-mean-square (RMS) kapena DC yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosalekeza pa njira yotetezera ya SPD. Iyi ndi voliyumu yovomerezeka ya SPD. Mtengo wa Uc umakhudza moyo wa SPD komanso mulingo wake woteteza voltage. Kusankha mtengo wapamwamba wa Uc kungapangitse kuti ntchito ya chipangizocho ipitirire komanso kudzawonjezera voliyumu yotsalira, zomwe zimawononga zida zotetezedwa.

2. Kutulutsa Kwadzina (Mu): Mphamvu yapamwamba kwambiri ya mafunde a 8/20μs omwe SPD imatha kupirira. Gawoli limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mayeso a Gulu II ndipo limagwiranso ntchito ngati muyezo woyambira mayeso a Gulu I ndi II. Miyezo ya SPD imafotokoza mndandanda wa mavelu a In, ndipo opanga amasankha mulingo woyenera wa In kuti ayesere. SPD ikangopambana mayesowo, mtengo wake wa In umasankhidwa mwalamulo ngati mulingo wosankhidwa.

3. Mayeso Okwanira Otulutsa Mphamvu (Imax) mu Mayeso a Gulu Lachiwiri: Mphamvu yamagetsi ya mafunde a 8/20μs yomwe SPD imatha kuigwira. Ngakhale tanthauzo lake ndi lofanana ndi In, miyezo ya SPD imapereka mndandanda wosiyana wa In ndi Imax, ndi Imax > In ya kalasi yomweyo. Kupambana mayeso pamlingo wina wa In sikutsimikizira kuti SPD idzapambana pamlingo wofanana wa Imax, chifukwa mikhalidwe ya mayeso (kukula kwamakono ndi kuchuluka kwa ma impulses) zimasiyana.

4. Mphamvu ya Mphepo (Iimp): Mphamvu ya SPD yolimbana ndi mafunde a mphezi a 10/350μs, omwe amadziwika ndi magawo awiri: peak current (Ipeak) ndi charge (Q). Parameter iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mayeso a Class I.

5. Mlingo Woteteza Voltage (Kukwera): Amadziwikanso kuti magetsi otsalira, awa amatanthauza magetsi kudutsa SPD pamene mafunde enaake a peak current akuyenda kudzera mu chipangizocho atatha kuyatsa. Kukwera kuyenera kukhala kotsika kuposa magetsi okhazikika a chipangizocho. GB50343-2012 *Khodi Yaukadaulo Yoteteza Kuwala kwa Magetsi a Zipangizo Zamagetsi* imatchula milingo ya magetsi okhazikika a impulse pa magawo osiyanasiyana a makina ogawa magetsi otsika. Voliyumu yokhazikika ya impulse (Uw) ya chipangizocho, yoperekedwa ndi wopanga, imasonyeza mphamvu yake yoteteza ku overvoltages. Chifukwa chake, kusankha SPD kuyenera kuonetsetsa kuti Up

II. Mayeso Oyenera a Zipangizo Zoteteza Kuwonjezeka (SPDs)

Magawo omwe ali pamwambawa atchula mayeso a Gulu Loyamba ndi Gulu Lachiwiri. Pansipa pali njira zoyesera:
1. Mayeso a Kalasi Yoyamba: Kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu (In), mphamvu yamagetsi ya 1.2/50μs, ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamphamvu kwambiri Iimp (10/350μs lightning current wave). Ngati mphamvu yotumizidwa mkati mwa 10 ms ndi Q, mphamvu yamagetsi ya Ipeak = 0.5Q.
2. Mayeso a Kalasi Yachiwiri: Kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yotulutsa mpweya (In), mphamvu yamagetsi ya 1.2/50μs, ndi mphamvu yotulutsa mpweya ya Imax (max current wave ya 8/20μs).
3. Mayeso a Kalasi Yachitatu: Kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde ophatikizana, omwe amatanthauzidwa ngati 1.2/50μs open-circuit voltage (Uoc) ndi 8/20μs short-circuit current (Isc) yopangidwa ndi jenereta ya mafunde ophatikizana a 2Ω.

Magulu a mayeso awa si ogwirizana ndi magulu ndipo motero sangayerekezedwe mwachindunji. Opanga angasankhe kalasi iliyonse yoyesera kuti atsimikizire. Komabe, popanga kapangidwe ka magetsi, kusankha ma SPD omwe ayesedwa pansi pa Gulu Loyamba kapena Gulu Lachiwiri kuyenera kutsatira:

IEC 61024: Zimakhudza chitetezo cha anthu ku kugunda kwa mphezi m'nyumba, kuphatikizapo kusankha milingo yotetezera makina oteteza mphezi (LPS).

IEC 61312: Amateteza ku mphezi zamagetsi zamagetsi (LEMP), kuphatikizapo zofunikira pakuteteza nyumba, kukhazikika, ndi kulumikizana kwa equipotential.

IEC 62305: Amapereka malangizo oyendetsera kapangidwe ka njira zotetezera mphezi, kuphatikiza mfundo zazikulu ndi zofunikira zotetezera mphezi.