1.Zoopsa zobisika kumbuyo kwa makampani opanga ma photovoltaic omwe akukula mwachangu

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, msika wapadziko lonse wa photovoltaic wakhala ukukulirakulira modabwitsa, mofanana ndi roketi. Ndikukumbukirabe pamene ndinapita ku chiwonetsero cha mphamvu ya dzuwa ku Germany zaka zisanu zapitazo, mphamvu yayikulu ya module inali pafupifupi 300W. Tsopano, si zachilendo kuona ma module a 600W+ bifacial. Komabe, pakati pa kukwera kwa kuyika uku, nkhani yofunika kwambiri nthawi zambiri imanyalanyazidwa - chitetezo cha makina.

Chaka chatha, kampani yathu inagwira ntchito yochokera ku Turkey: siteshoni yamagetsi ya 5MW yokhazikika pansi. Patatha miyezi itatu kuchokera pamene inalumikizidwa ku gridi, ma inverter anayi anatenthedwa motsatizana. Pa kafukufuku wa pamalopo, zinapezeka kuti mwiniwakeyo anasunga ndalama posiya zida zotetezera ma surge kumbali ya DC. Kutayika komaliza kunali kokwera mpaka madola opitilira 200,000 aku US, zomwe zinali zokwanira kugula ma SPD ambiri apamwamba. Maphunziro otere si achilendo m'makampani.

2."Opha anthu amphamvu" akukumana ndi makina a photovoltaic

2.1Kugunda kwa mphezi: chiwopsezo choopsa kwambiri

Ndakumana ndi pulojekiti yowonjezera mphamvu ya usodzi ku Hainan. Dera lapafupi lili ndi masiku opitilira 90 a mvula yamkuntho chaka chilichonse. Woyang'anira ntchito yawo anandiuza kuti asanakhazikitse SPD, nthawi zonse anali ndi vuto panthawi ya mvula yamkuntho chaka chilichonse. Chochitika chachikulu kwambiri chinali chakuti kugunda kwa mphezi komwe kunayambitsa kunapangitsa kuti ma inverter onse amtundu wa zingwe mu gulu lonselo "ayambe kugunda" pamodzi.

Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti kugunda kwa mphezi mwachindunji kokha ndikoopsa. Ndipotu, deta yathu yopezera ikuwonetsa kuti kugunda kwa mphezi mkati mwa mtunda wa makilomita atatu kumatha kupanga mphamvu yowonjezereka yokwanira kuwononga zida. Kale panali pulojekiti ya ku Brazil komwe malo ogunda mphezi anali pafamu yapafupi, komabe izi zinapangitsa kuti ma module onse owunikira a makina a photovoltaic alephereke.

2.2Kusintha kwa Gridi: Wakupha Wosaoneka

Pamene tinkagwira nawo ntchito yomanga denga la nyumba ku Vietnam chaka chatha, tinalemba zambiri zodabwitsa: Kusinthasintha kwa magetsi a gridi yamagetsi ya m'deralo panthawi yomwe magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumapitirira 15%. Kusokonekera kwa magetsi kosalekeza kumeneku kumawononga kwambiri moyo wa zida kuposa kukwera kwa magetsi nthawi yomweyo.

Vuto lovuta kwambiri ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi makina amagetsi a photovoltaic. Kumbukirani, nthawi ina poyesa mtundu wina wa inverter, kukwera kwa magetsi komwe idapanga panthawi yotseka kunali kowirikiza kanayi kuposa mphamvu yamagetsi yovotera! Mtundu uwu wa mphamvu yamagetsi yodzipangira yokha komanso yodzigwiritsa ntchito yokha ndi chinthu chomwe eni nyumba ambiri amalephera kuzindikira.

3.Kodi SPD imateteza bwanji dongosolo la photovoltaic?

3.1Chitetezo cha zigawo zambiri: Valani "jekete loteteza zipolopolo" la dongosololi

Chitetezo chabwino chiyenera kukhala ngati anyezi wokhala ndi zigawo zingapo zodzitetezera. Nthawi zambiri timalimbikitsa makasitomala kuti agwiritse ntchitonjira yotetezera ya magawo atatu:

Mulingo wa mzere:Ikani mtundu wa 2 SPD pa bokosi lophatikiza kuti muteteze ku mphezi zomwe zimayambitsidwa kwambiri.

Mulingo wa inverter: Gwiritsani ntchito SPD yapadera ya photovoltaic kumbali yolowera ya DC. Samalani kwambiri kusankha magetsi a Uc.

Malo olumikizira gridi:Ikani SPD yomwe imagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a gridi yakomweko kumbali ya AC.

3.2Kusamvana kwa Kusankha: Paramita ikakwera, zimakhala bwino

Kawirikawiri zimawonedwa kuti makasitomala amatsata mosazindikira mitengo yapamwamba ya Imax. Ndipotu, pamapulojekiti ambiri ogawidwa, mphamvu yotulutsa ya 20kA ndiyokwanira. Chinsinsi chili mu:

- Mphamvu yofananiza mphamvu yamagetsi (Uc ≥ 1.2 × Voltage yayikulu ya dongosolo)

- Mulingo wotsalira wa magetsi (Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa zimatsimikizira ngati zida zitha kutetezedwadi)

- Ntchito yowonetsa kuwonongeka (Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa zimatha kupewa "zombie SPD")

Kasitomala waku Australia adalimbikira kuyika SPD yokhala ndi 40kA. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusankha kwa voltage yotsika kwambiri ya Uc, SPD idakalamba msanga pamene makinawo anali ndi katundu wochepa.

3.3Musalole kuti zofooka za chitetezo zilepheretse phindu la ndalama zomwe zayikidwa

Ndaona eni nyumba ambiri osamala omwe ali okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri pazinthu zapamwamba koma amasamala kwambiri za chitetezo cha makina. Ndipotu, yankho la SPD (Surge Protective Device) lopangidwa bwino nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi 0.3% mpaka 0.5% yokha ya ndalama zonse zomwe polojekitiyi imagwiritsa ntchito, komabe limatha kupewa kulephera kwa magetsi kopitilira 80%.

Akuti aliyense ayenera kuganizira izi panthawi yokonza:

- Zambiri zakomweko zokhudza masiku a mvula yamkuntho (zomwe zingapezeke mosavuta kuchokera ku ofesi ya zanyengo)

- Malipoti a khalidwe la gridi

- Miyezo yolekerera kukwera kwa mafunde yokhazikitsidwa ndi opanga zida

Mapeto

Kuti makina a photovoltaic agwire ntchito bwino kwa zaka 25, amafunika chitetezo chodalirika cha surge. Zili ngati kugwira ntchito pamalo okwera popanda kuvala lamba wachitetezo - mwina mutha kukhala otetezeka nthawi 99 zoyambirira, koma nthawi ya 100 ikhoza kukuwonongerani ndalama zambiri.