Chiyambi

M'dziko lamakono loyendetsedwa ndi ukadaulo, zida zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu kuposa kale lonse chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kugunda kwa mphezi, kusinthasintha kwa gridi, kapena ntchito zosinthira mkati. Zida zoteteza ma surge, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti zida zoteteza ma surge (SPDs), zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri poteteza zida zodziwikiratu ku ma voltage spikes. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe zotetezera ma surge protectors zimagwirira ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana ndipo ikuwonetsa kuti zimagwira ntchito bwino kudzera mu maphunziro a milandu.

1. Mafomu Ofunsira Nyumba

(I) Kuteteza Zipangizo Zapakhomo

Masiku ano, mabanja amakono sangakhale opanda zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi, monga ma TV, makompyuta, mafiriji, ndi makina anzeru okhala ndi nyumba. Zipangizozi zikangokumana ndi magetsi mwadzidzidzi, zimatha kuwonongeka, zomwe sizimangokhudza moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, komanso zingabweretse ndalama zambiri zokonzera kapena kusintha.

Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani za nyumba ina yapafupi ku Florida, USA. Nthawi ina, mphezi inagunda pafupi, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti magetsi achuluke kwambiri, ndipo zipangizo zamagetsi zambiri za m'nyumba zapafupi zinawonongeka, monga ma TV, ma rauta, ndi makina a HVAC. Komabe, banja lina linayika chotetezera magetsi cha nyumba yonse pa bolodi lalikulu logawa magetsi pasadakhale, ndipo sichinavulale, pomwe anansi ena anataya ndalama zambiri.

(II) Dongosolo Lopanga Mphamvu ya Dzuwa

Chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa ma solar panels, kufunika koteteza ma surge kwakhala kofala kwambiri. Makina osungira mphamvu zamagetsi a inverter ndi batri mu makina opangira mphamvu zamagetsi a dzuwa ndi ofooka kwambiri ndipo amatha kugwidwa ndi ma surge.

Ku Germany, mwini nyumba anaika chotetezera chachiwiri cha surge pogwiritsa ntchito inverter ya dzuwa. Pambuyo pake, transformer yapafupi inalephera, zomwe zinachititsa kuti gridi isinthe. Chifukwa cha surge protector, magetsi ochulukirapo anasinthidwa ndipo inverter inalepheretsedwa kuwonongeka, zomwe zikanawononga ndalama zoposa ma euro 2,000 kuti zisinthidwe.

2. Ntchito Zamalonda ndi Zamakampani

(I) Malo Osungira Deta

Malo osungira deta ali ndi zofunikira zapadera kwambiri zamagetsi ndipo ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti magetsi sakusokonekera kuti ma seva azigwira ntchito bwino. Ngakhale kukwera pang'ono kungayambitse kutayika kwa deta kapena kuwonongeka kwa seva, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutayika kwakukulu kwachuma.

Google Data Center ku Singapore ndi chitsanzo chabwino. Deta Center imagwiritsa ntchito njira yotetezera ma surge ya magawo ambiri, yokhala ndi level 1 surge protector (lightning arrester) yoyikidwa pakhomo ndi level 3 surge protector (end-use) yoyikidwa pafupi ndi seva. Nthawi ina, deta Center inakankhidwa mwachindunji ndi mphezi, koma surge protector inatha kuthetsa ma surge ndipo inapewa nthawi yomwe ikanatha kuwononga ndalama zomwe zikanapangitsa kuti ndalama zambiri ziwonongeke.

(II) Malo Opangira Zinthu

Mu mafakitale opanga zinthu, zida monga makina a mafakitale, ma programmable logic controllers (PLCs) ndi zida zamakina a CNC zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kusinthasintha kwa magetsi. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikangochepa, zidazi sizingagwire ntchito bwino.

Kampani yopanga magalimoto ya Toyota ku Japan ikudziwa bwino izi. Anayika makina awo olumikizira ma robot ndi zida zotetezera ma surge. Nthawi ina, panali mphezi pafupi ndi fakitaleyo, koma chitetezo cha ma surge chinateteza bwino manja 15 a ma robot kuti asawonongeke. Akuti izi zinapulumutsa ndalama zokwana $500,000 zokonzera.

(III) Zipatala

Malo osamalira odwala monga zipatala amadalira zida zosiyanasiyana zofunika, monga makina ojambulira maginito (MRI), makina opumira mpweya, ndi makina owunikira. Zipangizozi zikawonongeka, sizingoyambitsa kutayika kwachuma kokha, komanso zimakhudza chithandizo ndi chisamaliro cha odwala.

Ku chipatala ku Sydney, Australia, zotetezera opaleshoni yachipatala zimayikidwa pa zipangizo zonse zomwe zili mu chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri (ICU). Mphepo yamkuntho yamagetsi ikagwa m'derali, chotetezera opaleshoniyo chinateteza kuwonongeka kwa zipangizo zofunika kwambiri ndikuonetsetsa kuti odwala alandire chithandizo chosalekeza.

3Kulankhulana ndi zomangamanga

(I) Siteshoni zoyendera

Nsanja zolumikizirana zimawombedwa mosavuta ndi mphezi chifukwa cha nyumba zawo zazitali. Ntchito za netiweki zikawombedwa, zimatha kusokonekera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito azivutika kwambiri.

Wogwira ntchito yolumikizirana ku Seoul, South Korea, adachitapo kanthu moyenera. Anayika mtundu wa chitetezo cha mafunde pa nsanja zawo za 5G. M'nyengo yamvula, nsanja izi zidawomberedwa ndi mphezi kangapo, koma chifukwa cha chitetezo cha mafunde, panalibe nthawi yogwira ntchito, pomwe malo omwe analibe mafunde amafunikira kukonzanso pafupipafupi.

(II) Njira Yowongolera Magalimoto

Kugwira ntchito kwabwinobwino kwa Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) sikusiyana ndi magetsi okhazikika, omwe amafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida monga zizindikiro zowongolera ndi makamera owunikira nthawi zonse.

Mu projekiti ya mzinda wanzeru ku Dubai, njira yoyendetsera magalimoto ili ndi chotetezera mafunde cha chowongolera ma signal. Nthawi ina, siteshoni yaying'ono yapafupi inalephera, zomwe zinayambitsa mafunde amphamvu. Koma chotetezera mafunde chinathetsa vutoli bwino ndikupewa chisokonezo cha magalimoto chomwe chingakhale chifukwa cha kulephera kwa ma signal.

4Mphamvu Zongowonjezedwanso

(I) Ma Turbine a Mphepo

Mafamu a mphepo amapezeka kwambiri m'malo otseguka ndipo ali pachiwopsezo cha kuwomberedwa ndi mphezi. Dongosolo lowongolera la turbine likawonongeka, sizingoyambitsa kuzimitsa zida zokha, komanso zingabweretse kutayika kwakukulu kwachuma.

Famu ya mphepo ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku North Sea ku United Kingdom imaona kuti chitetezo cha mafunde n'chofunika kwambiri. Iwo anaika zoteteza mafunde a m'mlengalenga pa makina owongolera ma turbine. Nthawi ina, famu ya mphepo inagundidwa mwachindunji ndi mphezi, koma choteteza mafunde chinaletsa kuwonongeka kwa makina a SCADA ndipo chinapewa kutayika kwa nthawi yopuma komwe kukanatha kufika pa £1 miliyoni.

(II) Malo Ochapira Magalimoto Amagetsi (EV)

Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa malo ochapira magalimoto amagetsi kumafunanso chitetezo champhamvu cha mafunde kuti zitsimikizire kuti pali chitetezo komanso kudalirika.

Mwachitsanzo, ganizirani za Tesla Supercharger Network ku California. Tesla yakhazikitsa njira zotetezera ma surge station ake ku Supercharger. Ngati gridi ya magetsi sinakhazikike bwino, chitetezo cha ma surge chitha kuletsa kuwonongeka kwa chaji, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amagetsi azigwira ntchito mosalekeza.

5Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zaulimi

(I) Njira Zothirira

Makina ambiri othirira ulimi amakono amadalira makina owongolera zamagetsi kuti azigwira ntchito okha. Makina owongolera awa akangogundidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, amatha kulepheretsa makina othirira, zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwa mbewu.

Malo olima ku Netherlands adakonzedwa pasadakhale. Anayika zoteteza ma surge protectors a makina awo othirira okha. Transformer yapafupi ikalephera kugwira ntchito ndipo mphamvu ya magetsi ikakwera, chitetezo cha ma surge protector chinateteza bwino chipangizo chowongolera ndikupewa kulephera kwa ulimi wothirira mbewu.

Mapeto

Zoteteza ku mafunde zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku komanso m'malo osiyanasiyana omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Kaya ndi zida zogona, makina amafakitale, kapena njira zolumikizirana ndi zamagetsi ndi mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso, zoteteza ku mafunde zimateteza kuwonongeka kwakukulu komanso kutayika kwachuma. Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa bwino udindo waukulu womwe zoteteza ku mafunde zimagwira ntchito poonetsetsa kuti ntchito ikuyenda bwino m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana kudzera mu maphunziro angapo.

Masiku ano, dziko lathu likukhala ndi magetsi ambiri, ndipo kuyika ndalama mu zotetezera ma surge abwino kwambiri sikulinso njira yodzitetezera, koma chisankho chofunikira.