Kodi Cholinga cha Woteteza Wosauka N'chiyani?
Ndimakumbukirabe fungo la bolodi la $9,000 PLC litayaka kamodzi—gawo limodzi lotsika mtengo likanatha kulipulumutsa.
Choteteza ma surge chimatenga mphamvu ndi magetsi owonjezera, kenako nkuwakankhira pansi kuti makina anu akhale otetezeka. Ndimamanga mayunitsi awa tsiku lililonse ku Wenzhou ndipo ndimayesa chilichonse motsatira IEC 61643-11.
Ngati mukudziwa chifukwa chake mafunde amaonekera komanso momwe bokosi laling'ono limawaletsera, mutha kusankha gawo loyenera ndikusiya kulipira kuwonongeka komwe simunakonzekere.
N’chifukwa chiyani chitetezo cha opaleshoni chikufunika? Zoopsa ndi kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha opaleshoni?
Ndinaonapo mphezi ikuimitsa mzere wonse ku Milan—magalimoto, HMI, ndipo ngakhale makina a khofi anafa nthawi yomweyo.
Kukwera kwa mafunde kungachokere ku mphezi, ma breaker trips, kapena ma motors akuluakulu, ndipo amapha ma drive, ma board, ndi deta. Kugunda kamodzi kokha kungawononge ndalama zoposa chaka chimodzi zotetezera mafunde.
Kumene Kukwera Kumachokera
Kuthamanga kwa mphamvu ndi kuphulika kochepa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imatenga masekondi ang'onoang'ono. Mphezi ndiye gwero lalikulu kwambiri, koma kugunda kwakukulu kumachokera mkati mwa fakitale. Moto wa 100 kW ukaima, coil imabwezeretsa mphamvu mu chingwecho. Kukwera kumeneko kumatha kugunda 2 kV ndikuyenda pansi pa chingwe chomwecho chomwe chimadyetsa PLC yanu. Ndimayesa zochitika zotere sabata iliyonse mu labu yanga. Timayatsa mota, kuimitsa mwamphamvu, ndikuwona scope ikudumpha. Kugundana kwapafupi pa gridi kumawonjezera mphamvu zambiri. Kusakaniza kwa magwero onse awiri ndi komwe makina anu amawona tsiku lamkuntho.
Kodi Kukwera Kwambiri Kumakhudza Bwanji Zida Zanu?
Ma drive amakono amagwiritsa ntchito ma MOSFET 600 V omwe amafa pa 900 V. Mphamvu ya 1.5 kV imapha nthawi imodzi. Pambuyo pogunda, ma drive shorts amaphulika, fuse imaphulika, ndipo chingwe chimayima. Labor imapitirira kuyenda pa $200 pa ola limodzi. Kasitomala m'modzi adataya $38,700 usiku umodzi. Ma surges amaphikanso insulation mu ma motors ndi ma transformer. Simungawone bala tsiku loyamba, koma mkuwa umasanduka wakuda ndipo gawolo limalephera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pake. Kuwonongeka kobisika kumeneku ndi chifukwa chake ogula ambiri amaganiza kuti "sizichitika pano" mpaka bilu itagwa.
Mndandanda wa Ndalama Zenizeni Zomwe Ndaziwona
| Tsamba | Tsiku Logunda | Kuwonongeka | Maola Opuma | Mtengo Wonse |
| Chomera cha pulasitiki, Milan | 2023-07 | Ma drive atatu + PLC imodzi | 14 | $38,700 |
| Mzere wagalasi, UK | 2023-11 | Ma servo drive awiri | 6 | $18,500 |
| Famu ya dzuwa, Spain | 2024-01 | Ma inverter 5 | 2 | $12,000 |
| Kampasi yaying'ono, DE | 2022-09 | 1 CNC bolodi | 1 | $4,200 |
Gome likuwonetsa kuti ngakhale kuyimitsa kwakanthawi kumawononga ndalama zambiri kuposa ma SPD onse.
Ngozi Yobisika: Deta ndi Chitetezo
Ma surges amachotsa deta mu ma PLC ndi ma trip safety relay. Fakitale yagalasi inandiuza kuti spike imodzi inakhazikitsanso batch counter, kotero ng'anjo inathira chisakanizo cholakwika. Galasiyo inayenera kukumba ndi manja. Zimenezi zinawonjezera maola 20 a ntchito yotentha komanso kutayika kwa $50 k. Ngati chitetezo chagunda panthawi yolakwika, antchito angavulale. Ndimagulitsa ma SPD ndi mkuwa, koma ndimagona bwino ndikadziwa kuti anthu nawonso ndi otetezeka.
Chifukwa Chake Inshuwalansi Siyokwanira
Ogula ena amakhulupirira inshuwaransi. Imalipira ndalama, koma siibweretsa makasitomala otayika. Mukaphonya masiku otumizira katundu, wogula wanu amapeza malo ena. Kusakhazikika kamodzi kungakuwonongereni mgwirizano wa zaka zisanu. SPD imawononga nthawi yochepera ola limodzi yopuma ndipo imasunga buku loyitanitsa lodzaza.
Kodi Cholinga cha Woteteza Kuthamanga Ndi Chiyani? — Ntchito Yoyambira ndi Mfundo Zogwirira Ntchito?
Ndimamwetulirabe ndikaona LED yobiriwira pa panelo—zikutanthauza kuti bokosi laling'ono lagunda mwamphamvu ndipo chowongolera chikadalipo.
Choteteza ma surge chimamva mphamvu yamagetsi yokwera, chimagwira mphamvu yowonjezera, ndikuitumiza pansi mumasekondi ang'onoang'ono. Chimatseka chingwe kuti katunduyo awoneke bwino, ndipo ndimayesa gulu lililonse kufika pa 20 kA ku Wenzhou.
Momwe MOV Imagwirira Ntchito
Metal-oxide varistor (MOV) ndi diski ya ceramic yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati switch. Pa 230 V imatsegulidwa ndipo imakoka zosakwana 0.3 mA. Pamene mzerewo udutsa pamwamba pa 275 V, diski imatseka ndipo kukana kwake kumatsika mpaka pansi pa ohm. Mphamvu ya surge imayenda kudzera mu MOV, osati kudzera mu drive yanu. Voltage kudutsa drive imakhala pafupi ndi 700 V, pansi pa mzere woopsa wa 900 V. Pambuyo poti surge yatha, MOV imatsegukanso ndikudikirira kugunda kwina. Ndawona diski imodzi ikutenga zithunzi 23 zonse isanatope.
Chifukwa Chake Utali wa Waya wa Dziko Lapansi Uposa Kukula kwa MOV
Ogula ambiri amafunsa "kA yayikulu" koma amaiwala chingwe. Mchira waufupi wa 25 cm umapangitsa kuti 980 V ilowetsedwe. Onjezani 55 cm ndipo kulowetsako kumadumphira ku 1,450 V. Drive imafa ngakhale MOV ndi yofanana. Ndimaphunzitsa okhazikitsa kuti apinde mchira kamodzi ndikuulumikiza molunjika ku PE bar. Gawo laulere limenelo ndi loposa kulipira gawo la 100 kA.
Gome la Kutalikirana ndi Kutalika kwa Dziko Lapansi
| Mchira wa Dziko Lapansi | Kuyendetsa | Let-Through @ 20 kA | Zotsatira za 600 V Drive |
| 25 cm | 0.25 µH | 980 V | Zotetezeka |
| 55 cm | 0.55 µH | 1.250V | Chiwopsezo |
| 80 cm | 0.80 µH | 1.450V | Akufa |
Kusunga Chitoliro cha Gasi Chotulutsa Mafuta
MOV imatha. Chubu chotulutsa mpweya (GDT) chimatha kugwira ntchito zambiri koma chimakhala pang'onopang'ono. Timalumikiza mawaya onse awiri nthawi imodzi. MOV imayamba ndi 25 ns ndikutseka spike yoyamba. GDT imayatsa pa 600 V ndipo imatenga mphamvu yayikulu yamagetsi pa 100 µs yotsatira. MOV imapuma ndikukhala ndi moyo wautali. Tikutcha kapangidwe kameneka kosakanikirana, ndipo tsopano ndi komwe kamagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafamu a solar aku Germany omwe akufuna moyo wa zaka 20.
Kuchotsa Kutentha Kumaletsa Moto
MOV ikafa, imatha kufupika ndi kutentha. Chosinthira kutentha mkati mwa chipangizo chathu chimathyoka pa 120 °C ndikuchotsa gawolo pa chingwe. Chosinthiracho chimalumikizidwa ku MOV disk, kotero chimamva kutentha komweko. Ndimayesa mu uvuni pa 1 °C pamphindi. Iyenera kutsegulidwa disk isanayambe kusuta. Gawo la senti imodzi limasunga gululo ndi dzina langa.
Chizindikiro Chakutali cha Masamba Anzeru
Makampani akuluakulu akufuna kudziwa tsopano, osati mwezi wamawa. Timawonjezera chosinthira chaching'ono chomwe chimapereka kukhudzana kouma. Kukhudzanako kumapatsa 24 V PLC. SPD ikafa, HMI imasanduka yofiira. Wogula amayitanitsa katiriji yowonjezera mphepo yamkuntho isanayambe. Ndimatumiza tsiku lomwelo ndipo nthawi yopuma imatsika kuchoka pa maola kufika pa mphindi.
Kodi Mungasankhe Bwanji Choteteza Choyenera cha Surge?
Ndinatumiza gawo la 40 kA kwa munthu amene amafunikira 10 kA yokha—iye analipira kawiri koma ankanenabe kuti ndi inshuwalansi yotsika mtengo.
Sankhani mphamvu yamagetsi yotsika kwambiri yomwe mungakwanitse, gwirizanitsani mphamvu yamagetsi ndi chiopsezo, ndipo onetsetsani kuti gawolo likugwirizana ndi gulu lanu komanso kalembedwe kanu kosamalira. Ndimatumiza pepala lachinyengo la tsamba limodzi ndi mtengo uliwonse.
Gawo 1: Pezani Mlingo Wanu Woopsa
Yang'anani momwe magetsi amagwirira ntchito. Mizere yolowera m'malo amphepo yamkuntho imafunikira Mtundu 1. Zingwe zapansi panthaka muofesi yoyera zimafunikira Mtundu 2. Zingwe zazitali zimapita ku ma PLC zimafunikira Mtundu 3. Ndikufunsa mafunso atatu: (1) Kodi nyumbayo yagundidwa kale? (2) Kodi katunduyo ndi wofunika kwambiri? (3) Kodi chingwecho ndi chachitali? Chimodzi "inde" ndipo timawonjezera Mtundu 2.
Gawo 2: Sankhani Voltage Rating Yoyenera
Pa 230 V timagwiritsa ntchito 275 V max continuous. Pa 480 V timagwiritsa ntchito 550 V. Gawo lomwe lili ndi mlingo wotsika kwambiri lidzawonongeka msanga. Gawo lomwe lili ndi mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri lidzatseka mochedwa ndikulola drive kuwona ma volts ambiri. Ndikugwirizana ndi mlingo ndi mzerewu kuphatikiza 15% headroom. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale nthawi yayitali komanso kuti isamayende bwino.
Gawo 3: Gwirizanitsani ndi Kukwera kwa Mphepo
IEC 62305 imapereka milingo: 25 kA, 40 kA, 60 kA. Ofesi ya mzinda imapeza 10–15 kA pachaka. Fakitale ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja imapeza 40 kA. Ndimagulitsa 40 kA ngati njira yokhazikika yogwiritsira ntchito mafakitale. Ngati malowa ali ndi ndodo yamagetsi, timawonjezera 25 kA Mtundu 1 pa bolodi lalikulu ndi 40 kA Mtundu 2 pa ma sub-panels. Mtengo wake ndi wotsika ndipo chivundikirocho chili chodzaza.
Mndandanda wa Zosankha Zachangu zomwe ndimatumiza kwa Jeff
| Mtundu wa Tsamba | Bungwe Lalikulu | Gulu Lalikulu | Soketi | Manambala a Zigawo |
| Ofesi ya mzinda | — | 20 kA Mtundu 2 | 10 kA Mtundu 3 | LKX - 20, LKX - 10 |
| Fakitale | 25 kA Mtundu 1 | 40 kA Mtundu 2 | 10 kA Mtundu 3 | LKX - 25, LKX - 40, LKX - 10 |
| Famu ya dzuwa | 25 kA Mtundu 1 | 40 kA Mtundu 2 dc | — | LKX - 40 - DC |
| Holo ya deta | 25 kA Mtundu 1 | 40 kA Mtundu 2 | 20 kA Mtundu 3 | LKX - 40, LKX - 20 - RJ45 |
Chongani Fomu Yofunikira
Mapanelo ena ndi opapatiza. Timapereka m'lifupi mwa 18 mm ndi 36 mm. Ngati njanjiyo yadzaza, timagawa SPD m'magawo awiri a DIN kapena kugwiritsa ntchito pulagi-in base kotero wogwiritsa ntchito amangosinthana katiriji kokha. Ndikupempha chithunzi cha panelo ndipo ndimalemba malo omasuka mu utoto wofiira. Palibe amene amakonda zodabwitsa patsiku lokhazikitsa.
Ganizirani Zokhudza Kulowa M'malo
LED yobiriwira ndi yabwino pa malo ang'onoang'ono. Kulumikizana ndi kutali ndikwabwino pa malo akuluakulu. Ngati malowa akugwira ntchito maola 24 pa tsiku, masiku 7 pa sabata, timawonjezera waya wolumikizira kuti gawolo lisinthidwe. Mtengo wake ndi $3 yowonjezera ndipo nthawi yopuma ndi zero. Jeff amandiuza kuti shift imodzi yosungidwa imalipira oda yonse ya SPD.
Mapeto
Choteteza ma surge chimadya mphamvu zowonjezera ndipo chimasunga chingwe chanu chamoyo. Sankhani ma low let-through, gwirizanani ndi chiopsezo, ndipo mugula mtendere kwa nthawi yosakwana ola limodzi.