Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa zipangizo zotetezera za Surge ndi Circuit Breakers?
- Kusiyana Pakati pa Zipangizo Zoteteza Kuthamanga Kwambiri ndi Zophulika Zam'mabwalo
1.1 Chipangizo choteteza kugwedezeka kwa mafunde
Chipangizo choteteza mafunde (SPD), chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti choletsa mafunde otsika kapena choletsa mafunde otsika, ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa mafunde omwe amayambitsidwa ndi mafunde amphamvu osakhalitsa m'mabwalo amagetsi kapena mizere yolumikizirana, potero chimateteza zidazo. Mfundo yake yogwira ntchito ndi yakuti pamene mafunde osakhalitsa kapena mafunde ochulukirapo achitika mu bwalo, chipangizo choteteza mafunde chimayenda mwachangu, ndikutembenuza mafundewo kupita pansi.
Malinga ndi mtundu wa zida zomwe zikutetezedwa, zida zodzitetezera pakukwera kwa magetsi zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: zida zodzitetezera pakukwera kwa magetsi ndi zida zodzitetezera pakukwera kwa magetsi. Zipangizo zodzitetezera pakukwera kwa magetsi zitha kugawidwanso m'magulu awiri, kutengera mphamvu yodzitetezera, m'magulu a zida zodzitetezera pakukwera kwa magetsi za Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, ndi Type 4. Zipangizo zodzitetezera pakukwera kwa magetsi zimaphatikizapo zida zodzitetezera pakukwera kwa magetsi za network signal, zida zodzitetezera pakukwera kwa makanema, zida zodzitetezera pakukwera kwa magetsi za 3-in-1, zida zodzitetezera pakukwera kwa magetsi za control signal, ndi zida zodzitetezera pakukwera kwa magetsi za RF (antenna-feeder).
1.2 Chothyola Dera
Chotsekera mawaya, chomwe nthawi zina chimatchedwa chosinthira mpweya, ndi chipangizo chotetezera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina amagetsi. Chimachotsa mawayawo okha pamene magetsi apitirira malire okhazikika. Izi zimateteza mawaya amagetsi ndi zida ku mavuto monga mawaya afupiafupi kapena kupitirira muyeso.
Anthu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma circuit breaker kuti azilamulira magetsi m'malo monga magetsi kapena zipinda zopopera. Chipangizochi chimagwira ntchito potengera kutentha. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikachuluka kwambiri imayenda kudzera mu breaker, imapanga kutentha. Kutentha kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti chingwe chachitsulo mkati mwa breaker chipindike. Zotsatira zake, breaker imagunda ndikudula mphamvu. Izi zimaletsa kuwonongeka kwa zida zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu yamagetsi yambiri.
- Kusiyana Pakati pa Zipangizo Ziwiri
2.1 Mfundo zogwirira ntchito ndi zosiyana: Chipangizo choteteza mafunde chimagwira ntchito pamene mphamvu yamagetsi ya transient ikuchitika mu dera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yochulukirapo ipite pansi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chotsegula magetsi chimachotsa magetsi okha pamene mphamvu yamagetsi yapitirira malire ovoteledwa, motero chimateteza zida zamagetsi.
2.2 Ntchito zotetezera ndi zosiyana: Chipangizo choteteza mafunde chimapangidwa kuti chiteteze zida zamagetsi ndi zolumikizirana kuti zisawonongeke ndi mafunde mkati mwa dera. Koma chotsegula mafunde chimateteza dera ku zolakwika monga mafunde afupiafupi ndi kuchuluka kwa mafunde.
Ma sikopu oteteza ndi osiyana: Chipangizo choteteza mafunde chimatha kuteteza makina opangira magetsi ndi mizere yolumikizirana. Chotsekereza mafunde chimangoteteza zida zamagetsi zolumikizidwa ku magetsi.
- Chidziwitso Choyambira cha Kusankha Chipangizo Choteteza Kuthamanga (SPD)
Zinthu zofunika kwambiri posankha chipangizo choteteza ku mafunde ndi izi:
Mulingo woteteza magetsi (Up) uyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yokhazikika ya zida zotetezedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yoteteza ndi yotsika kuposa mphamvu yamagetsi yokhazikika, motero kuteteza zidazo ku kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu yamagetsi yochulukirapo. Mtengo wa Up uyenera kukhala wochepera 80% ya mphamvu yamagetsi yokhazikika ya zida zotetezedwa. Mwachitsanzo, m'bokosi logawa nthambi la nyumba yokhalamo, mtengo wa Up nthawi zambiri umasankhidwa pakati pa 1.5kV ndi 2.5kV. Poteteza zida zamagetsi zodziwika bwino monga makina owongolera nyumba anzeru, mtengo wotsika wa Up uyenera kusankhidwa.
Volti yogwira ntchito yopitilira (Uc) imasonyeza voti yogwira ntchito yopitilira (AC RMS) yayikulu kwambiri kapena DC yomwe SPD imatha kupirira bwino kwa nthawi yayitali. Iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa voti yogwira ntchito yopitilira yomwe ingawonekere mu dongosololi ndipo nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa kutengera voti yodziwika bwino ya dongosololi. Mu dongosolo lamagetsi la 220V/380V lokhalamo, mtengo wa Uc wa 385V kapena 420V nthawi zambiri umasankhidwa. Mu dongosolo la photovoltaic, mtengo wa Uc wa chipangizo choteteza surge uyenera kusankhidwa kutengera voti yolowera yayikulu ya inverter ya photovoltaic. Pamene dongosolo lamagetsi lili ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa voliyumu, mtengo wa Uc wokwera uyenera kusankhidwa.
Mphamvu yotulutsa madzi imatanthauza mphamvu yowonjezereka yomwe SPD imatha kupirira pakagwa mphepo imodzi. Ikuphatikizapo mphamvu yotulutsa madzi (In) ndi mphamvu yotulutsa madzi (Imax). Kusankha kuyenera kutengera malo oyikamo ndi mphamvu yomwe mphezi imatha kupirira. Mwachitsanzo, pa bokosi lalikulu logawa, mphamvu yotulutsa madzi imafunika, pomwe pa bokosi logawa madzi, mphamvu yochepa ingakhale yokwanira. Mphamvu yotulutsa madzi (In) ikuyimira mlingo wa mphamvu yotuluka yomwe SPD imatha kupirira mobwerezabwereza popanda kuwonongeka. Kusankha kwa In kumadalira zinthu monga malo, kutalika, malo ozungulira, ndi mulingo wofunikira woteteza mphezi. M'mizinda yokhala ndi nyumba zazitali zozungulira, In ingasankhidwe ngati 20kA; m'malo otseguka kapena madera omwe mphezi imagwira ntchito pafupipafupi, In iyenera kukhala 30kA kapena kupitirira apo.
Mphamvu yayikulu yotulutsa mpweya (Imax) ikuyimira mphamvu yayikulu yotuluka mpweya yomwe SPD ingathe kupirira nthawi imodzi. Kusankhaku kuli kofanana ndi In koma kuyeneranso kuganizira malo oyikamo, kufunika kwa nyumbayo, ndi mtengo wa zidazo. Pa nyumba zanyumba wamba, Imax ikhoza kusankhidwa pakati pa 40kA ndi 60kA; pa nyumba zapamwamba kapena malo okhala ndi zida zofunika kwambiri, Imax iyenera kukhala 80kA kapena kupitirira apo.
Nthawi yoyankhira imasonyeza liwiro la SPD poyankha mphezi zikamakwera. Nthawi yoyankhira ikafupika, zimakhala bwino. Nthawi zambiri, timalimbikitsa kusankha ma SPD okhala ndi nthawi yoyankhira yosakwana 25ns kuti tiwonetsetse kuti kukwera kwa mphezi kumachepa mwachangu, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka komwe kungachitike pazida.